Abstract From the first half of the seventeenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century resizing was common practice after each aqueous treatment to replace the loss of original sizing, but it is used much less frequently today. As already described in early sources, resizing in modern conservation practice still serves three main purposes: increasing mechanical stability, modifying the surface texture of abraded papers by decreasing their surface roughness and consolidating loosened fibres and preparing the paper substrate for inpainting. Today’s practice, however, differentiates more carefully between an improvement in mechanical stability and increased resistance to physical and chemical degradation processes. While previously almost exclusively protein glues were used for resizing, today gelatine and cellulose ethers are among the most commonly used sizing agents. The solution concentrations used for resizing have significantly decreased: gelatine is used in 0.5 % (w/v) to 1 % (w/v) solutions today, while historic literature recommends 1.6 % (w/v) to 3.5 % (w/v) protein glues. Concerning application techniques, mainly immersion, closely related to tub sizing used during paper manufacture and local or overall brush applications were used for historic sizing. Spraying, which was introduced at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, is recommended for resizing drawings to prevent friable media from being smudged.

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调整大小：17 至 21 世纪修复和保护文献的简要回顾

摘要 从 17 世纪上半叶到 20 世纪初，在每次水处理后调整尺寸是一种常见的做法，以取代原始施胶剂的损失，但今天使用的频率要低得多。正如早期资料中已经描述的那样，在现代保护实践中调整尺寸仍然有三个主要目的：增加机械稳定性，通过降低表面粗糙度和巩固松散的纤维来改变磨损纸张的表面纹理，以及准备纸张基材进行修补。然而，今天的实践更仔细地区分了机械稳定性的提高和对物理和化学降解过程的抵抗力的提高。虽然以前几乎只使用蛋白质胶来调整大小，今天，明胶和纤维素醚是最常用的施胶剂。用于调整大小的溶液浓度已显着降低：明胶目前用于 0.5 % (w/v) 至 1 % (w/v) 溶液，而历史文献建议使用 1.6 % (w/v) 至 3.5 % (w/v) ) 蛋白质胶水。关于应用技术，主要是浸泡，与造纸过程中使用的桶施胶密切相关，局部或整体刷涂用于历史施胶。喷涂是在 20 世纪下半叶开始引入的，建议用于调整图纸大小以防止易碎介质被弄脏。而历史文献推荐使用 1.6 % (w/v) 至 3.5 % (w/v) 的蛋白质胶。关于应用技术，主要是浸泡，与造纸过程中使用的桶施胶密切相关，局部或整体刷涂用于历史施胶。喷涂是在 20 世纪下半叶开始引入的，建议用于调整图纸大小以防止易碎介质被弄脏。而历史文献推荐使用 1.6 % (w/v) 至 3.5 % (w/v) 的蛋白质胶。关于应用技术，主要是浸泡，与造纸过程中使用的桶施胶密切相关，局部或整体刷涂用于历史施胶。喷涂是在 20 世纪下半叶开始引入的，建议用于调整图纸大小以防止易碎介质被弄脏。