Abstract

This review is devoted to known theoretical and experimental results in the field of using physical methods for processing melts in the preparation of metal matrix composite materials in conditions of casting and metallurgical technological processes. The possibilities, advantages, and disadvantages of various methods of physical influences are considered from the standpoint of their influence on the structural and morphological characteristics and physicomechanical and operational properties of cast composite materials based on aluminum and its alloys. A classification is presented and a detailed description of physical methods for processing melts when obtaining metal matrix composites is presented, depending on the state of the melt during the processing period (during melting, pouring, and crystallization) and according to the physical principle of imposed effects (thermal, electromagnetic, cavitation, mechanical, and others). The modern concepts of the laws and mechanisms of the influence of the processing of the melt by physical methods on the processes of structure and phase formation of metal matrix composites in the cast state are presented. From a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the currently known effects of exposure to the structure of composites are described, in particular, those associated with a change in the wettability of particles, their distribution, dispersion, and morphology, as well as with a change in the structural state of the matrix material. Data on the physicomechanical, operational, and technological properties of metal matrix composites obtained with the use of physical effects on the melt during melting and crystallization are systematized. The prospects for the development and practical application of methods of physical effects on melts in the production of metal matrix composites based on various matrix materials and reinforcement systems, including endogenously reinforced, exogenously reinforced, and complex-reinforced composite materials, are shown. Priority areas of theoretical research and experimental development are discussed; areas of discussion and issues in the field of obtaining metal matrix composites using physical effects on melts during melting and crystallization are revealed. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the key problems that limit the widespread industrial use of physical methods for processing melts, areas for future research in this direction are proposed.

中文翻译：

---

加工金属基复合材料熔体的物理方法：现状与前景

摘要

本综述致力于在铸造和冶金工艺条件下使用物理方法处理熔体制备金属基复合材料领域的已知理论和实验结果。从对基于铝及其合金的铸造复合材料的结构和形态特征以及物理机械和操作性能的影响的角度考虑了各种物理影响方法的可能性、优点和缺点。在获得金属基复合材料时，根据熔体在加工期间（熔化、浇注、和结晶）并根据施加效应的物理原理（热、电磁、空化、机械等）。介绍了物理方法处理熔体对铸态金属基复合材料组织和相形成过程影响的规律和机理的现代概念。从定性和定量的角度，描述了目前已知的复合材料结构暴露的影响，特别是与颗粒润湿性、分布、分散和形态变化相关的影响，以及与基体材料结构状态的变化。物理机械数据，操作数据，系统化了利用熔化和结晶过程中对熔体的物理效应获得的金属基复合材料的工艺性能和工艺性能。展示了基于各种基体材料和增强体系（包括内源增强、外源增强和复合增强复合材料）的金属基复合材料生产中熔体物理效应方法的发展和实际应用前景。讨论了理论研究和实验发展的优先领域；揭示了使用熔化和结晶过程中对熔体的物理效应来获得金属基复合材料领域的讨论领域和问题。