The cerebellar cortex is an important system for relating neural circuits and learning. Its promise reflects the longstanding idea that it contains simple, repeated circuit modules with only a few cell types and a single plasticity mechanism that mediates learning according to classical Marr-Albus models. However, emerging data have revealed surprising diversity in neuron types, synaptic connections, and plasticity mechanisms, both locally and regionally within the cerebellar cortex. In light of these findings, it is not surprising that attempts to generate a holistic model of cerebellar learning across different behaviors have not been successful. While the cerebellum remains an ideal system for linking neuronal function with behavior, it is necessary to update the cerebellar circuit framework to achieve its great promise. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of cerebellar-cortical cell types, synaptic connections, signaling mechanisms, and forms of plasticity that enrich cerebellar processing.

中文翻译：

---

小脑皮质

小脑皮层是连接神经回路和学习的重要系统。它的承诺反映了一个长期存在的想法，即它包含简单、重复的电路模块，只有几种细胞类型和根据经典 Marr-Albus 模型调节学习的单一可塑性机制。然而，新出现的数据揭示了小脑皮质内局部和区域神经元类型、突触连接和可塑性机制的惊人多样性。鉴于这些发现，构建跨不同行为的小脑学习整体模型的尝试并未成功也就不足为奇了。虽然小脑仍然是将神经元功能与行为联系起来的理想系统，但有必要更新小脑回路框架以实现其巨大前景。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了我们对小脑皮质细胞类型、突触连接、信号传导机制和丰富小脑处理的可塑性形式的理解的最新进展。