Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) shedding has been extensively investigated in newborns and in young children, however, much less is known about it in immunocompetent adults. Shedding of HCMV was investigated in saliva, vaginal secretions and urine of pregnant women experiencing primary infection along with the development of the HCMV-specific immune response. Thirty-three pregnant women shed HCMV DNA in peripheral biological fluids at least until one year after onset of infection, while in blood HCMV DNA was cleared earlier. Significantly higher levels of viral load were found in vaginal secretions compared to saliva and urine. All subjects examined two years after the onset of infection showed a high avidity index, with IgM persisting in 36% of women. Viral load in blood was directly correlated with levels of HCMV-specific IgM and inversely correlated with levels of IgG specific for the pentameric complex gH/gL/pUL128L; in addition, viral load in blood was inversely correlated with percentage of HCMV-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ expressing IL-7R (long-term memory, LTM) while viral load in biological fluids was inversely correlated with percentage of HCMV-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ effector memory RA⁺(T_EMRA). In conclusion, viral shedding during primary infection in pregnancy persists in peripheral biological fluids for at least one year and the development of both antibodies (including those directed toward the pentameric complex) and memory T cells are associated with viral clearance.

人类巨细胞病毒 (HCMV) 脱落已在新生儿和幼儿中进行了广泛的研究，然而，在免疫功能正常的成年人中对其知之甚少。在经历原发性感染的孕妇的唾液、阴道分泌物和尿液中研究了 HCMV 的脱落以及 HCMV 特异性免疫反应的发展。至少在感染发作一年后，33 名孕妇在外周生物体液中脱落 HCMV DNA，而血液中的 HCMV DNA 则更早被清除。与唾液和尿液相比，在阴道分泌物中发现了显着更高水平的病毒载量。在感染发作两年后检查的所有受试者显示出高亲和力指数，IgM 持续存在于 36% 的女性中。血液中的病毒载量与 HCMV 特异性 IgM 水平直接相关，与五聚体复合物 gH/gL/pUL128L 特异性 IgG 水平呈负相关；此外，血液中的病毒载量与 HCMV 特异性 CD4 的百分比呈负相关⁺和 CD8 ⁺表达 IL-7R（长期记忆，LTM），而生物体液中的病毒载量与 HCMV 特异性 CD4 ⁺和 CD8 ⁺效应记忆 RA ⁺ (T _EMRA ) 的百分比负相关。总之，妊娠期初次感染期间的病毒脱落在外周生物体液中持续至少一年，并且抗体（包括针对五聚体复合物的抗体）和记忆 T 细胞的发展与病毒清除有关。