Abstract

The efficiency of using rare earth metals largely depends on their impurity composition, which affects the structure and properties of materials. Before the analytical control of materials based on rare earth elements (REEs) and the starting materials for their production, the task is to determine both macrocomponents with high accuracy and impurities with high sensitivity, correctness, and precision. To determine the impurities in REE-based materials in the range from 10^–5 to 5.0 wt %, a complex of methods of atomic emission and mass spectral analysis is frequently used. However, the analysis of REE-based materials, even using these modern highly sensitive methods, is a difficult task due to spectral and matrix interferences. Therefore, different separation/preconcentration procedures are needed to determine both rare earth and non-rare-earth impurities. This article reviews publications of preconcentration methods for spectral and mass spectral methods of analysis of materials based on REEs and some other analytical methods. It is shown that the most common approaches are liquid extraction and chromatography. Sorption, cloud-point extraction, and precipitation are also used. There is no universal approach. Each method discussed in this article has its advantages and limitations. The analytical completion of the method confirms the effectiveness of the selected separation/preconcentration method in each specific case.

中文翻译：

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用于光谱法的稀土基材料中杂质的分离和预浓缩

摘要

稀土金属的使用效率很大程度上取决于它们的杂质成分，杂质成分会影响材料的结构和性能。在对基于稀土元素 (REE) 的材料及其生产原料进行分析控制之前，任务是确定高精度的宏观成分和高灵敏度、正确性和精密度的杂质。测定 REE 基材料中 10 ^{–5范围内的杂质}到 5.0 wt%，经常使用原子发射和质谱分析的综合方法。然而，由于光谱和基质干扰，即使使用这些现代高灵敏度方法，对基于 REE 的材料进行分析也是一项艰巨的任务。因此，需要不同的分离/预浓缩程序来确定稀土和非稀土杂质。本文回顾了基于 REE 和其他一些分析方法的材料分析的光谱和质谱方法的预浓缩方法的出版物。结果表明，最常见的方法是液体萃取和色谱法。还使用吸附、浊点提取和沉淀。没有通用的方法。本文讨论的每种方法都有其优点和局限性。