The orangeback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis pteropus, is a species of significant potential value that is widely distributed in the tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean. There have been no reports of the population genetics and effective molecular markers for this species due to a lack of reliable information regarding its genetic structure and its many individual differences, as well as its complex and changeable life history. Therefore, the development of auxiliary molecular markers would contribute to the development, sustainable utilization, and protection of the species. In this study, 131 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed by double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq). The observed heterozygosity (H_o) and expected heterozygosity (H_e) ranged from 0.00 to 0.80 and 0.18 to 0.50, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.18 to 0.50. None of the marker locations significantly deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05) after a Bonferroni correction. These polymorphic SNPs will be important in the further analysis of the population heredity of S. pteropus and its scientific management.

橙背乌贼（Sthenoteuthis pteropus）是一种具有重要潜在价值的物种，广泛分布于大西洋的热带和温带海域。由于缺乏有关其遗传结构和众多个体差异以及其复杂多变的生活史的可靠信息，目前还没有关于该物种的种群遗传学和有效分子标记的报道。因此，开发辅助分子标记将有助于该物种的开发、可持续利用和保护。在这项研究中，通过双酶切限制位点相关 DNA 测序 (ddRAD-Seq) 开发了 131 个新的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记。观察到的杂合性 ( H _o) 和预期杂合性 ( H _e ) 的范围分别为 0.00 至 0.80 和 0.18 至 0.50。多态性信息含量（PIC）值范围为0.18至0.50。在 Bonferroni 校正后，没有一个标记位置显着偏离 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡 (p > 0.05)。这些多态性SNP对进一步分析翼龙种群遗传及其科学管理具有重要意义。