Abstract

Approximately 90% of the world’s population is infected with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Damage to health and high economical costs require the development of vaccines against EBV. The variability of individual genes may affect the success of the vaccination campaign and will necessitate dynamic update of antigenic composition of vaccines. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of EBV gp350 and EBNA2 genes isolated from saliva of dental clinic personnel in Moscow oblast. Biosamples were obtained from 105 employees at four dental clinics. For EBV DNA-positive samples, the EBNA2 and gp350 genes were amplified using nested PCR. The nucleotide sequence of gp350 gene was determined during sequencing. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed from the N-terminal fragment of gp350 protein, using B95-8 strain as a reference genome. Phylogenetic analysis also included 222 EBV samples from the NCBI database. The EBNA2 genotype and the whole gp350 gene sequence were determined for 31 DNA samples. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of gp350 protein, the Russian virus population was uniformly distributed along the tree. Meanwhile, 30 samples fell into the Aa clade (A, genotype A for EBNA2 gene; a, similarity of the gp350 sequence with B95-8 [NC_007605.1]) and one sample belonged to the Bb clade (B, genotype B for EBNA2; b , similarity of gp350 with Jijoye [LN827800.1]). For 30 Russian samples of Aa genotype, 22 individual profiles and 16 unique mutations were found. Identical gp350 profiles were found amongst staff working in close professional contact. The identified features indicated the need for further phylogenetic studies of samples collected in Russia to develop and introduce vaccines and monitor their efficiency.

中文翻译：

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Epstein–Barr 病毒：gp350 和 EBNA2 基因变异性的评估

摘要

世界上大约 90% 的人口感染了爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV)。对健康的损害和高昂的经济成本需要开发针对 EBV 的疫苗。个体基因的变异性可能会影响疫苗接种活动的成功，并且需要动态更新疫苗的抗原成分。本研究的目的是评估从莫斯科州牙科诊所人员唾液中分离出的 EBV gp350和EBNA2基因的变异性。生物样本取自四家牙科诊所的 105 名员工。对于 EBV DNA 阳性样本，使用巢式 PCR 扩增EBNA2和gp350基因。gp350的核苷酸序列基因是在测序过程中确定的。使用 B95-8 菌株作为参考基因组，从 gp350 蛋白的 N 端片段构建最大似然系统发育树。系统发育分析还包括来自 NCBI 数据库的 222 个 EBV 样本。确定了 31 个 DNA 样本的EBNA2基因型和整个 gp350 基因序列。根据 gp350 蛋白的系统发育分析，俄罗斯病毒种群沿树均匀分布。同时，30 个样本属于 Aa 进化枝（A，EBNA2基因的基因型 A；a，gp350序列与 B95-8 [NC_007605.1] 的相似性），一个样本属于 Bb 进化枝（B，EBNA2的基因型 B） ; b , gp350的相似度与 Jijoye [LN827800.1]）。对于 30 个 Aa 基因型的俄罗斯样本，发现了 22 个个体概况和 16 个独特的突变。在密切专业接触的工作人员中发现了相同的 gp350 配置文件。确定的特征表明需要对在俄罗斯收集的样本进行进一步的系统发育研究，以开发和引入疫苗并监测其效率。