Pain has a multifaceted impact on individuals worldwide, affecting their physical functioning, emotional well-being, and quality of life. Children (age < 18 years) have a high prevalence of conditions associated with pain, such as toothache, headache, earache, sore throat, and respiratory tract infections, many of which may be accompanied by fever. Globally, the pharmacologic treatment of pain in pediatric patients is limited largely to nonopioid analgesics, and dosing must account for differences in age, weight, metabolism, and risk of adverse effects. This narrative review summarizes the findings of a literature search on the pediatric indications, dosing approaches, dosing guidelines, and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and ibuprofen, which are common pain medications available globally for self-care use in children. The review also discusses the risks and benefits associated with these agents. The current roles of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the symptomatic management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and in the management of post–COVID-19 immunization symptoms in children are also discussed. Therefore, while a very large amount of data over several decades is available for paracetamol and ibuprofen, an urgent need exists for well-designed studies of these medications for the management of pain and fever in pediatric patients with COVID-19 to ensure optimal relief with minimal toxicity.

疼痛对全世界的人都有多方面的影响，影响他们的身体机能、情绪健康和生活质量。儿童（年龄 < 18 岁）很容易患上与疼痛相关的疾病，例如牙痛、头痛、耳痛、喉咙痛和呼吸道感染，其中许多可能伴有发烧。在全球范围内，儿科患者疼痛的药物治疗主要限于非阿片类镇痛药，剂量必须考虑到年龄、体重、新陈代谢和不良反应风险的差异。这篇叙述性综述总结了关于扑热息痛和布洛芬的儿科适应症、给药方法、给药指南和药代动力学的文献检索结果，这些药物是全球可供儿童自我保健使用的常见止痛药。该综述还讨论了与这些药物相关的风险和益处。还讨论了扑热息痛和布洛芬目前在 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 感染症状管理和儿童 COVID-19 免疫接种后症状管理中的作用。因此，虽然扑热息痛和布洛芬已有数十年的大量数据，但迫切需要对这些药物进行精心设计的研究，以控制 COVID-19 儿科患者的疼痛和发烧，以确保最佳缓解效果最小的毒性。还讨论了扑热息痛和布洛芬目前在 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 感染症状管理和儿童 COVID-19 免疫后症状管理中的作用。因此，虽然扑热息痛和布洛芬已有数十年的大量数据，但迫切需要对这些药物进行精心设计的研究，以控制 COVID-19 儿科患者的疼痛和发烧，以确保最佳缓解效果最小的毒性。还讨论了扑热息痛和布洛芬目前在 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 感染症状管理和儿童 COVID-19 免疫后症状管理中的作用。因此，虽然扑热息痛和布洛芬已有数十年的大量数据，但迫切需要对这些药物进行精心设计的研究，以控制 COVID-19 儿科患者的疼痛和发烧，以确保最佳缓解效果最小的毒性。