Abstract

Orchids are one of the most widespread groups of flowering plants with a wide geographical range and species diversity. A number of tropical and subtropical species are used as decorative, medicinal, and edible. The increased demand for plant material, while a large number of species are under threat of extinction in nature, makes growing of orchids in culture relevant. Traditionally, new interesting forms have been obtained through hybridization and selection, which require considerable time. Not all requirements for elite varieties can be solved by traditional breeding methods. The application of the achievements of modern molecular biology significantly expands the possibilities of breeders. The development of genetic engineering methods allows introducing both new heterologous genes to orchids and editing their own genes, which can significantly speed up and increase the success of the traditional selection process. Members of the Orchidaceae family can be used not only for introduction of valuable heterologous genes but also as a source of unique genes for the improvement of cultivated species of other families. The review examines the current state and prospects of genetic engineering of orchids and their use as recipients and donors of genes for genetic transformation.

中文翻译：

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兰科植物基因工程的现代方法

摘要

兰花是分布最广的开花植物类群之一，具有广泛的地理范围和物种多样性。许多热带和亚热带物种被用作装饰、药用和食用。对植物材料的需求增加，而大量物种在自然界中面临灭绝的威胁，这使得在文化中种植兰花具有重要意义。传统上，新的有趣形式是通过杂交和选择获得的，这需要相当长的时间。并不是所有对优良品种的要求都可以通过传统的育种方法来解决。现代分子生物学成果的应用大大扩展了育种者的可能性。基因工程方法的发展允许将新的异源基因引入兰花并编辑它们自己的基因，这可以显着加快和提高传统选择过程的成功率。兰科成员不仅可用于引入有价值的异源基因，而且可作为独特基因的来源，用于改良其他科的栽培种。该综述审查了兰花基因工程的现状和前景，以及它们作为基因转化基因的受体和供体的用途。