In this study, conductive polyindole (PIn) was coated onto initially fabricated magnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) particles via chemical oxidative polymerization, and the synthesized core–shell structured hybrid smart particles were used as smart electrorheological/magnetorheological (EMR) materials. The synthesized Fe₃O₄/PIn particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the chemical composition of the synthesized particles was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Their magnetic properties were further analyzed using VSM. Consequently, the Fe₃O₄/PIn particle-based suspension, which was both magnetic and conductive, was found to exhibit interesting dual stimuli under both external electric and magnetic fields. Various rheological measurements, including shear simple steady shear and dynamic tests, were employed to evaluate the behavior of typical EMR suspensions. Furthermore, the dielectric properties of the particles were analyzed using an LCR meter. Based on the dielectric spectrum data, the relaxation time (λ) was estimated to be 1.5 × 10^–8 s at the maximum frequency (λ = 1/2πfmax). Measurements conducted using a Turbiscan indicated enhanced sedimentation stability of the particles owing to a decrease in the particle density from 4.34 to 2.93 g/cm³.

本研究通过化学氧化聚合将导电聚吲哚 (PIn) 包覆在初步制备的磁性氧化铁 (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) 颗粒上，并将合成的核壳结构杂化智能颗粒用作智能电流变/磁流变 (EMR) 材料. 使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征合成的Fe ₃ O _{4 /PIn颗粒。}此外，使用傅立叶变换红外光谱法确认了合成颗粒的化学组成。使用 VSM 进一步分析了它们的磁性。因此，Fe ₃ O ₄/PIn 颗粒悬浮液具有磁性和导电性，被发现在外部电场和磁场下表现出有趣的双重刺激。各种流变测量，包括剪切简单稳态剪切和动态测试，用于评估典型 EMR 悬浮液的行为。此外，使用LCR计分析颗粒的介电特性。根据介电谱数据，弛豫时间 ( λ ) 在最大频率 ( λ  = 1/2πfmax)下估计为 1.5 × 10 ^{–8 s。}使用 Turbiscan 进行的测量表明，由于颗粒密度从 4.34 降低到 2.93 g/cm ³ ，颗粒的沉降稳定性增强。