Striosomes form neurochemically specialized compartments of the striatum embedded in a large matrix made up of modules called matrisomes. Striosome-matrix architecture is multiplexed with the canonical direct-indirect organization of the striatum. Striosomal functions remain to be fully clarified, but key information is emerging. First, striosomes powerfully innervate nigral dopamine-containing neurons and can completely shut down their activity, with a following rebound excitation. Second, striosomes receive limbic and cognition-related corticostriatal afferents and are dynamically modulated in relation to value-based actions. Third, striosomes are spatially interspersed among matrisomes and interneurons and are influenced by local and global neuromodulatory and oscillatory activities. Fourth, striosomes tune engagement and the motivation to perform reinforcement learning, to manifest stereotypical behaviors, and to navigate valence conflicts and valence discriminations. We suggest that, at an algorithmic level, striosomes could serve as distributed scaffolds to provide formats of the striatal computations generated through development and refined through learning. We propose that striosomes affect subjective states. By transforming corticothalamic and other inputs to the functional formats of the striatum, they could implement state transitions in nigro-striato-nigral circuits to affect bodily and cognitive actions according to internal motives whose functions are compromised in neuropsychiatric conditions.

中文翻译：

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纹状体和基质体：意志和行动动态耦合的支架

纹状体形成纹状体的神经化学特化区室，嵌入由称为基质体的模块组成的大基质中。纹状体基质结构与纹状体的典型直接-间接组织是多重的。纹状体的功能仍有待完全阐明，但关键信息正在出现。首先，纹状体强有力地支配含有多巴胺的黑质神经元，并可以完全关闭它们的活动，并伴随着随后的反弹兴奋。其次，纹状体接收边缘系统和认知相关的皮质纹状体传入信号，并根据基于价值的行为进行动态调节。第三，纹状体在空间上散布在基质体和中间神经元之间，并受到局部和整体神经调节和振荡活动的影响。第四，纹状体调节参与度和进行强化学习的动机，以表现刻板行为，并应对价冲突和价歧视。我们建议，在算法层面，纹状体可以作为分布式支架，提供通过开发生成并通过学习完善的纹状体计算格式。我们认为纹状体影响主观状态。通过将皮质丘脑和其他输入转化为纹状体的功能格式，他们可以在黑质-纹状体-黑质回路中实现状态转换，以根据在神经精神条件下功能受到损害的内部动机影响身体和认知行为。