This study explores why the implementation of domestic environmental policies that tackle transboundary air pollution has been undermined by comparing the cases of the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Singapore. Heavy smog recurs in Korea and Singapore every year despite various attempts to reduce air pollution through the signing of environmental cooperation agreements and the introduction of domestic measures. While existing scholarship has examined intergovernmental cooperation aimed at mitigating transboundary air pollution, this study focuses on domestic factors affecting policy implementation processes at the national level. How do domestic factors shape governmental policy actions within environmental cooperation agreements in the cases of Korea and Singapore? I employed a process-tracing method to analyze the entanglement of domestic stakeholders from the late 1990s to 2019. By drawing upon domestic politics theory, I find that domestic dynamics, intricately linked to other stakeholders, have limited the effectiveness of policies implemented to address poor air quality. This finding suggests that domestic politics play a critical role in establishing effective regional environmental cooperation in the long run.

本研究通过比较韩国和新加坡的案例，探讨了为什么解决跨境空气污染的国内环境政策的实施受到了损害。尽管韩国和新加坡通过签署环境合作协议和采取国内措施来减少空气污染，但每年都会出现重度雾霾。虽然现有的学术研究探讨了旨在减轻跨境空气污染的政府间合作，但本研究重点关注影响国家层面政策实施过程的国内因素。以韩国和新加坡为例，国内因素如何影响环境合作协议中的政府政策行动？我采用过程追踪的方法来分析20世纪90年代末至2019年国内利益相关者的纠葛。通过借鉴国内政治理论，我发现国内动态与其他利益相关者错综复杂地联系在一起，限制了解决贫困问题的政策的有效性。空气质量。这一发现表明，从长远来看，国内政治在建立有效的区域环境合作方面发挥着关键作用。