In the now extinct Frisian dialect of the island of Wangerooge, the naming verb heit ‘to be called’ had partially grammaticalized into a copular verb ‘to be’ competing, to some extent, with the original copula wízze ‘to be’. In this paper, I discuss the development and the status of the copula heit in some detail and consider what it might tell one about the taxonomy of copular clauses (Higgins 1979). I show that the functional change from naming verb to copula initially occurred in identificational copular clauses. From there heit spread to classifi-cational and specificational copular clauses, but not to predicational ones. This development suggests a principled distinction between predicational copular clauses on the one hand and identificational copular clauses (conceived as comprising classifying, specifying, and equating ones) on the other. This does not imply, however, that heit is an identificational copula or that it selects an identificational small clause. I analyze copular heit used with an identificational small clause as a suppletive allomorph of wízze ‘to be’.*

中文翻译：

---

从命名动词到 Copula：Wangerooge Frisian Heit 的案例

在 Wangerooge 岛现已灭绝的弗里斯兰方言中，命名动词健康“to be called”部分语法化为系词动词“to be”在某种程度上与原始系词竞争维兹'成为'。在本文中，我讨论了copula的发展和地位健康在一些细节上，考虑它可能告诉我们关于系词从句分类的什么（希金斯 1979）。我展示了从命名动词到系词的功能变化最初发生在识别系词从句中。从那里健康传播到分类和规范的系词从句，但不传播到谓词的。这一发展表明，一方面谓词连接从句与识别连接从句（被认为包括分类、指定和等同）之间存在原则性区别。然而，这并不意味着健康是一个识别联结词，或者它选择了一个识别小子句。我分析copular健康与标识性小句一起用作维兹'成为'。*