Xenocypris davidi is an ecologically important fish species that is widely distributed in China. However, the natural genetic diversity of X. davidi has dramatically declined in recent years owing to over-harvesting and water pollution. Data regarding the genetic markers in this species are scarce. In this study, 50 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of X. davidi were newly developed using the snapshot method based on transcriptome data and were identified and characterized among three X. davidi populations. For the Huaihe River watershed population, 39 SNPs were polymorphic; for the Yangtze River watershed population, 38 SNPs were polymorphic; and for the Pearl River watershed population, 34 SNPs were polymorphic. Nine, ten, and seven loci significantly deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the Huaihe River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River populations, respectively. These novel polymorphic SNPs would be useful for further population genetic analyses and natural resource conservation.

鲇鱼是我国广泛分布的重要生态鱼类。然而，由于过度捕捞和水污染，近几年来，大鲵的自然遗传多样性急剧下降。关于该物种遗传标记的数据很少。本研究利用基于转录组数据的快照方法新开发了50 个X. davidi单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记，并在三个X. davidi中进行了鉴定和表征种群。淮河流域人群中，39个SNPs具有多态性；长江流域种群有38个SNP多态性；在珠江流域人群中，有34个SNP具有多态性。淮河、长江和珠江种群分别有 9 个、10 个和 7 个位点显着偏离 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡。这些新的多态性 SNP 可用于进一步的种群遗传分析和自然资源保护。