This paper investigates the chemical composition of Particulate Matter, Organic Carbon (OC), and Elemental Carbon (EC) in residential and traffic sites in Mumbai. The average PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations at the traffic site (Sakinaka) were 240 µg/m³ and 424 µg/m³, respectively. The observed levels of OC were 35 µg/m³, 22 µg/m³, and 15.5 µg/m³ at Sakinaka junction (high-density traffic), YP-Gate (low-density traffic), and Hostel Premise (Residential), respectively. The average OC/EC ratio value was high (4.5) at the residential site, indicating contributions from stationary combustion sources and secondary production of carbonaceous species to OC. The residential site has a higher percentage of low volatile OC fraction (57%) in total OC than the traffic sites. On the other hand, Sakinaka has a higher percentage of highly volatile OC fractions (36%) in total OC. The crustal-originated metals were dominating in all areas, but the concentration of metals from anthropogenic sources was highest at Sakinaka, i.e., As (381 ng/m³), Pb (352 ng/m³), Zn (679 ng/m³). The K/Al, Ca/Al, Mg/Al, and Fe/Al ratios were high in all the samples compared to the crustal ratio indicating biomass burning and traffic emission sources of these metals. PM originating from traffic was more enriched with heavy metals that are toxic to human health, increasing cancer risks (CR) through inhalation. The hazard quotient was above 1 at all the locations, and CR was above 1 × 10^− 4, causing health risks. According to the dosimetry model, more PM was deposited in the lungs of traffic location occupants through inhalation, increasing the cancerous risk.

本文研究了孟买住宅和交通场所颗粒物、有机碳 (OC) 和元素碳 (EC) 的化学成分。交通站点（崎中）的PM _2.5和PM ₁₀平均浓度分别为240 µg/m ³和424 µg/m ³。观察到的 OC 水平为 35 µg/m ³、22 µg/m ³和 15.5 µg/m ³分别位于 Sakinaka 路口（高密度交通）、YP-Gate（低密度交通）和 Hostel Premise（住宅）。住宅区的平均 OC/EC 比值较高 (4.5)，表明固定燃烧源和碳质物质的二次生产对 OC 的贡献。住宅场地的低挥发性 OC 部分占总 OC 的比例 (57%) 高于交通场地。另一方面，Sakinaka 的高挥发性 OC 组分占总 OC 的比例较高（36%）。地壳来源的金属在所有地区均占主导地位，但人为来源的金属浓度在 Sakinaka 最高，即 As（381 ng/m 3 ）、Pb（352 ^ng /m ³）、Zn（679 ng/m 3 ）³）。与地壳比率相比，所有样品中的 K/Al、Ca/Al、Mg/Al 和 Fe/Al 比率均较高，表明这些金属的生物质燃烧和交通排放源。交通产生的颗粒物中含有更多对人体健康有毒的重金属，通过吸入增加癌症风险（CR）。所有地点的危险商都在1以上，CR在1×10−4以上^，造成健康风险。根据剂量测定模型，更多的PM通过吸入沉积在交通场所乘客的肺部，增加了癌症风险。