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Revolutions of the mind, (threats of) actual revolutions, and institutional change
Public Choice ( IF 1.780 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01069-6
Diego F. Grijalva

I construct a simple theoretical model that incorporates the role of ideas and contested persuasion in processes of institutional change, specifically democratization. The model helps reconcile the view that extensions of the franchise in Western Europe tended to occur as a response to the threat of revolution with the view that these occurred based on a change of social values due to the Enlightenment. In particular, the model puts forward the argument that institutional changes become possible once ideological entrepreneurs –the carriers of an alternative worldview– win an ideological contest against the holders of traditional ideas so that the rest of society adopts their worldview, and a revolutionary threat becomes credible. The model shows that the preferences of the ideological entrepreneurs are key. A revolution takes place only if they prefer it to a peaceful transition. Also, the model predicts that actual revolutions occur only when the probability of them being successful is either low or high. Finally, the ideological benefits associated with adhering to a specific ideology affect whether institutional change is peaceful or not. A strong traditional ideology generating large psychological benefits of adhering to the status quo makes it more likely that democratization occurs through revolution. On the contrary, a strong alternative ideology favoring the extension of the franchise makes it more likely that democracy emerges but has an ambiguous effect on the likelihood of a revolution.



中文翻译:

思想革命、实际革命(的威胁)和制度变革

我构建了一个简单的理论模型,其中包含了思想和有争议的说服力在制度变革(特别是民主化)过程中的作用。该模型有助于调和这样一种观点:西欧选举权的扩大往往是为了应对革命威胁而发生的,而这种观点是基于启蒙运动引起的社会价值观的变化而发生的。特别是,该模型提出这样的论点:一旦意识形态企业家(另类世界观的载体)赢得与传统观念持有者的意识形态竞争,社会其他人接受他们的世界观,革命威胁就成为可能,制度变革就成为可能。可信的。该模型表明,意识形态企业家的偏好是关键。只有当他们更喜欢革命而不是和平过渡时,才会发生革命。此外,该模型预测,只有当革命成功的概率很低或很高时,才会发生实际的革命。最后,与坚持特定意识形态相关的意识形态利益会影响制度变革是否和平。强大的传统意识形态会因坚持现状而产生巨大的心理益处,使得民主化更有可能通过革命实现。相反,有利于扩大选举权的强有力的另类意识形态使得民主更有可能出现,但对革命的可能性产生模糊的影响。该模型预测,只有当革命成功的可能性很低或很高时,才会发生实际的革命。最后,与坚持特定意识形态相关的意识形态利益会影响制度变革是否和平。强大的传统意识形态会因坚持现状而产生巨大的心理益处,使得民主化更有可能通过革命实现。相反,支持扩大选举权的强大另类意识形态使得民主更有可能出现,但对革命的可能性产生模糊的影响。该模型预测,只有当革命成功的可能性很低或很高时,才会发生实际的革命。最后,与坚持特定意识形态相关的意识形态利益会影响制度变革是否和平。强大的传统意识形态会因坚持现状而产生巨大的心理益处,使得民主化更有可能通过革命实现。相反,有利于扩大选举权的强有力的另类意识形态使得民主更有可能出现,但对革命的可能性产生模糊的影响。强大的传统意识形态会因坚持现状而产生巨大的心理益处,使得民主化更有可能通过革命实现。相反,有利于扩大选举权的强有力的另类意识形态使得民主更有可能出现,但对革命的可能性产生模糊的影响。强大的传统意识形态会因坚持现状而产生巨大的心理益处,使得民主化更有可能通过革命实现。相反,有利于扩大选举权的强有力的另类意识形态使得民主更有可能出现,但对革命的可能性产生模糊的影响。

更新日期:2023-07-06
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