The solar-powered membrane distillation (SPMD) process can improve the energy efficiency by using solar energy as a heat source. However, the SPMD process can only be intermittently operated due to the variation of the daily solar irradiation. In this study, effects of intermittent modes (IMs with/without temperature variations (IM-1/IM-2)) and continuous mode (CM) on scaling and wetting are investigated according to three types of shutdown protocols (P1: non-draining, P2: draining, P3: flushing after draining). A direct contact membrane distillation coupled with a real-time visualization system using the normalized light intensity and SEM-EDS are used for analysis of the MD performance in each condition. Consequently, scaling and wetting tendencies of SPMD at P3 are lowest among the tested shutdown protocols. Furthermore, scaling and wetting in CM and IM (IM-1 and IM-2) at P3 show low differences, indicating that shutdown protocols have a more profound effect than temperature variations and operation mode.

太阳能膜蒸馏（SPMD）工艺可以利用太阳能作为热源来提高能源效率。然而，由于每日太阳辐射的变化，SPMD过程只能间歇运行。在本研究中，根据三种类型的关闭协议（P1：不排水）研究间歇模式（有/无温度变化的 IM (IM-1/IM-2)）和连续模式 (CM) 对结垢和润湿的影响，P2：排水，P3：排水后冲洗）。直接接触膜蒸馏与使用归一化光强度和 SEM-EDS 的实时可视化系统相结合，用于分析每种条件下的 MD 性能。因此，在所测试的关闭协议中，P3 处 SPMD 的结垢和润湿趋势最低。此外，