Teucrium (Teucrium polium L.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants, but its poor seed germination is one of the principal problems of its extensive cultivation. Somatic embryogenesis is crucial for medicinal plant genetic improvement, germplasm preservation, and in vitro mass propagation. Synthetic seed production is a suitable alternative for natural seed production in biotechnology and plant development. The objectives of the present study were to optimize somatic embryogenesis, produce synthetic seeds, and evaluate the genetic fidelity of the regenerated T. polium. Results suggested that MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ kinetin (Kin) alone and without auxin demonstrated the maximum embryogenesis and regeneration rates in leaf and petiole explants. The simultaneous occurrence of several somatic embryonic developmental stages, such as the globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary stages, on an embryogenic callus clearly suggested that T. polium embryogenesis accurately captures an asynchronous process. The petiole and leaf explants cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ Kin showed the highest rates of plant regeneration with spontaneously root development. Compared to somatic embryos, synthetic seeds with meristem sources lacked callogenesis. At 25 °C for 4 wk and at 4 °C for 3 wk, the meristem source caused the highest percentage of synthetic seeds to germinate (96.66%), while − 18 °C had a negative impact on the germination of the synthetic seeds. The results suggested that there was no genetic variation identified in the ISSR analysis on in vitro–generated T. polium plants.

铍( Teucrium poliium L.)是名贵药用植物之一，但种子发芽差是其粗放栽培的主要问题之一。体细胞胚胎发生对于药用植物遗传改良、种质保存和体外大规模繁殖至关重要。合成种子生产是生物技术和植物开发中天然种子生产的合适替代方案。本研究的目的是优化体细胞胚胎发生、生产合成种子并评估再生T. polium的遗传保真度。结果表明MS培养基中添加了1.0 mg L ⁻¹单独的激动素（Kin）和没有生长素的情况下，在叶和叶柄外植体中表现出最大的胚胎发生和再生率。在胚胎发生愈伤组织上同时发生几个体细胞胚胎发育阶段，例如球状、心形、鱼雷形和子叶阶段，清楚地表明T. polium胚胎发生准确地捕获了异步过程。叶柄和叶片外植体在含有 1.0 mg L ^{-1的 MS 培养基上培养}Kin 显示出最高的植物再生率和自发根发育。与体细胞胚胎相比，具有分生组织来源的合成种子缺乏愈伤组织。在25℃下4周和在4℃下3周时，分生组织源导致合成种子发芽的比例最高（96.66%），而-18℃对合成种子的发芽有负面影响。结果表明，在体外生成的T. polium植物的 ISSR 分析中没有发现遗传变异。