Abstract

We have been carrying out daily observations of bright microquasars at 1.2–20 GHz with the Northern sector of the RATAN-600 radio telescope for more than ten years. During the 2019–2021 observations we detected bright flares, which we call giant flares because fluxes reach record levels—above 20 Jy—during these events. In this paper we report the results of intraday variations of the microquasar Cygnus X-3 in multi-azimuth observations made with the ‘‘Southern sector with a flat-sheet reflector’’ during giant flares of Cygnus X-3. These were the first such observations made simultaneously at several frequencies on a short time scale (10 minutes). Observational data consists of 31 measurement made within \(\pm\)2.7 hours of the culmination of the object. We are the first to discover the evolution of the spectrum of the flare emission of Cygnus X-3 on a time scale comparable to the orbital period of the binary. The measurement data allowed us to determine the temporal and spectral parameters of radio emission, which are typical for synchrotron flare emission in relativistic jets. Evolution of the radio emission of X-ray binaries on short time scales is a key to understanding the formation of jet outbursts in the process of mass accretion of the matter of the donor star onto the relativistic object.

中文翻译：

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RATAN-600射电望远镜多方位观测模式研究小类星体Cygnus X-3

摘要

十多年来，我们一直在使用 RATAN-600 射电望远镜北区对 1.2–20 GHz 的明亮微类星体进行日常观测。在 2019-2021 年的观测中，我们检测到了明亮的耀斑，我们将其称为巨型耀斑，因为在这些事件期间通量达到了创纪录的水平（超过 20 Jy）。在本文中，我们报告了在天鹅座 X-3 巨大耀斑期间使用“带有平板反射器的南部扇区”进行的多方位角观测中微类星体天鹅座 X-3 的日内变化结果。这是首次在短时间范围（10 分钟）内以多个频率同时进行此类观测。观测数据由\(\pm\)内进行的 31 次测量组成物体达到顶峰的2.7小时。我们是第一个在与双星轨道周期相当的时间尺度上发现天鹅座 X-3 耀斑发射光谱演化的人。测量数据使我们能够确定无线电发射的时间和光谱参数，这是相对论射流中同步加速器耀斑发射的典型参数。X射线双星射电发射在短时间尺度上的演化是理解供体星的物质在相对论性天体上进行质量吸积过程中喷流爆发形成的关键。