Human spaceflight is entering a time of markedly increased activity fueled by collaboration between governmental and private industry entities. This has resulted in successful mission planning for destinations in low Earth orbit, lunar destinations (Artemis program, Gateway station) as well as exploration to Mars. The planned construction of additional commercial space stations will ensure continued low Earth orbit presence and destinations for science but also commercial spaceflight participants. The human in the journey to space is exposed to numerous environmental challenges including increased gravitational forces, microgravity, altered human physiology during adaptation to weightlessness in space, altered ambient pressure, as well as other important stressors contingent on the type of mission and destination. This chapter will cover clinically important aspects relevant to lung function in a normally proceeding mission; emergency scenarios such as decompression, fire, etc., will not be covered as these are beyond the scope of this review. To date, participation in commercial spaceflight by those with pre-existing chronic medical conditions is very limited, and hence, close collaboration between practicing pulmonary specialists and aerospace medicine specialists is of critical importance to guarantee safety, proper clinical management, and hence success in these important endeavors.

在政府和私营行业实体之间的合作推动下，载人航天正在进入一个活动显着增加的时代。这导致了近地轨道目的地、月球目的地（阿耳忒弥斯计划、门户站）以及火星探索的成功任务规划。计划建设的更多商业空间站将确保持续的低地球轨道存在和科学目的地以及商业航天参与者的目的地。人类在太空之旅中面临着许多环境挑战，包括重力增加、微重力、适应太空失重过程中人体生理机能的改变、环境压力的改变，以及取决于任务类型和目的地的其他重要压力源。本章将涵盖正常执行任务中与肺功能相关的临床重要方面；减压、火灾等紧急情况将不包括在内，因为这些超出了本次审查的范围。迄今为止，患有慢性病的人参与商业航天的情况非常有限，因此，执业肺科专家和航空航天医学专家之间的密切合作对于保证安全、适当的临床管理以及这些方面的成功至关重要。重要的努力。