Abstract

Chronic dust bronchitis (CDB) is one of the most common occupational diseases among employees of coal-cycle enterprises. Until recently, the lungs were considered to be sterile, but, in recent years, studies have shown that this is not the case. However, the contribution of microbiota and individual bacterial taxa to the etiology and pathogenesis of many respiratory-tract diseases remains unclear. The aim of the study to determine the taxonomic composition of the bacterial microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of patients with CDB. Sputum samples were obtained from patients with CDB (n = 22, men) and healthy auditorial donors (n = 22, men). Sequencing of variable regions V3–V4 of the 16S pRNA gene was used to study the complete taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. The study revealed a significant decrease in the α diversity of bacterial microbiota in the sputum of patients with CDB compared to the Shannon index control (H = 9.795; p = 0.0017). The PERMANOVA test using a matrix of differences constructed by the Bray–Curtis method showed a significant difference in β diversity between the compared samples (pseudo-F = 2.11; p = 0.002). In the sputum microbiome of patients with CDB, compared with the control, an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus was found (29.97 ± 14.21 vs. 18.78 ± 11.56; p = 0.006). The taxonomic profile of the respiratory microbiome in the study group of patients with CDB differs from that of healthy people. An increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus in the sputum microbiome of patients with CDB suggests a general dysbiotic process with the accentuation of one dominant genus of microorganisms in this pulmonary pathology.

中文翻译：

---

慢性粉尘性支气管炎患者呼吸道微生物群中细菌菌群的分类组成的细节

摘要

慢性粉尘支气管炎（CDB）是煤炭循环企业职工最常见的职业病之一。直到最近，肺部还被认为是无菌的，但近年来的研究表明事实并非如此。然而，微生物群和单个细菌分类群对许多呼吸道疾病的病因和发病机制的贡献仍不清楚。本研究的目的是确定 CDB 患者上呼吸道细菌微生物群的分类组成。痰样本取自 CDB 患者（n = 22，男性）和健康听觉捐献者（n = 22，男性）= 22，男性）。16S pRNA 基因可变区 V3-V4 的测序用于研究呼吸道微生物组的完整分类组成。研究显示，与香农指数对照相比，CDB 患者痰液中细菌微生物群的 α 多样性显着下降（H = 9.795；p = 0.0017）。使用 Bray–Curtis 方法构建的差异矩阵进行 PERMANOVA 测试显示，比较样本之间的 β 多样性存在显着差异（pseudo-F = 2.11；p = 0.002）。在 CDB 患者的痰微生物组中，与对照组相比，链球菌属细菌的相对丰度有所增加（29.97 ± 14.21 vs. 18.78 ± 11.56；p= 0.006）。CDB 患者研究组的呼吸道微生物组分类学特征与健康人不同。CDB 患者痰微生物组中链球菌属细菌相对丰度的增加表明，在这种肺部病理学中，存在一种普遍的生态失调过程，其中一种主要微生物属的加重。