Precipitation can shape our climate both in the present and the future. Even though we have made significant advances in studying the mechanisms of millennial-scale climate changes through high-resolution records, we still cannot quantitatively characterize the global spatiotemporal precipitation variations within the Holocene. Therefore, we developed a new approach to integrating data from 349 globally distributed records and climate models to reconstruct regional and global precipitation patterns over the last 12000 years. Our results reveal that precipitation reconstructions can be divided into monsoon-driven and westerly driven patterns. The results suggest that an arid climate was experienced in the late glacial and early Holocene epoch (∼12–7.4 cal ka BP), attaining a middle Holocene optimum (∼7.4–3.5 cal ka BP), and drier after the middle Holocene. According to our reconstructions, the global precipitation reconstruction increased from the early Holocene until 3.8 cal ka BP and then subsequently decreased. In addition, our reconstructions better reproduce the low-frequency events and extreme precipitation at the millennial scale in the hemispheres, but the performance of the reconstructions in the equatorial Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere of Africa and the Americas is controversial. The resolution of the record and the simulation capability of the climate model remain important means to improve our understanding of past climate change.

降水可以塑造我们现在和未来的气候。尽管我们在通过高分辨率记录研究千年尺度气候变化机制方面取得了重大进展，但我们仍然无法定量表征全新世期间全球降水时空变化。因此，我们开发了一种新方法来整合 349 个全球分布的记录和气候模型的数据，以重建过去 12000 年的区域和全球降水模式。我们的结果表明，降水重建可以分为季风驱动和西风驱动模式。结果表明，在冰川晚期和全新世早期（∼12–7.4 cal ka BP）经历了干旱气候，达到了全新世中期最适宜气候（∼7.4–3.5 cal ka BP），全新世中期之后更加干燥。根据我们的重建，全球降水重建从全新世早期开始增加，直到3.8 cal ka BP，然后逐渐减少。此外，我们的重建较好地再现了半球千年尺度的低频事件和极端降水，但赤道太平洋以及非洲和美洲南半球的重建表现存在争议。气候模型的记录分辨率和模拟能力仍然是提高我们对过去气候变化认识的重要手段。我们的重建较好地再现了半球千年尺度的低频事件和极端降水，但赤道太平洋以及非洲和美洲南半球的重建效果存在争议。气候模型的记录分辨率和模拟能力仍然是提高我们对过去气候变化认识的重要手段。我们的重建较好地再现了半球千年尺度的低频事件和极端降水，但赤道太平洋以及非洲和美洲南半球的重建效果存在争议。气候模型的记录分辨率和模拟能力仍然是提高我们对过去气候变化认识的重要手段。