Incremental sheet metal forming (ISF) is a versatile dieless forming process for manufacturing complex sheet metal components. The toolpath is one of the most critical process parameters, significantly influencing the ISF formability. The conventional toolpath strategies, such as spiral and constant z-slice-based tool paths, do not prove helpful for complex asymmetries in part geometry. The approach to toolpath planning in ISF should consider both material behavior and design complexity. This work compares conventional toolpaths with two strategies, namely feature-based and space-filling fractal tool paths. Material thinning and geometric deviations are critical limitations for successful part development. All toolpath strategies were evaluated for material distribution, geometric accuracy, and fracture depth using four carefully designed components with gradually increasing asymmetry. As evident from the results obtained, the material deformation was sensitive to the choice of toolpath strategies. The feature-based tool path captures the part curvatures more uniformly, leading to homogeneous thickness distribution. At the same time, fractal-based strategies lead to lower overall geometric deviation in the region of curved profiles.

渐进式钣金成形 (ISF) 是一种通用的无模成形工艺，用于制造复杂的钣金部件。刀具路径是最关键的工艺参数之一，显着影响 ISF 的成形性。传统的刀具路径策略（例如基于螺旋和恒定 z 切片的刀具路径）对于零件几何形状中的复杂不对称性没有帮助。ISF 中的刀具路径规划方法应考虑材料行为和设计复杂性。这项工作将传统刀具路径与两种策略进行了比较，即基于特征的分形刀具路径和空间填充分形刀具路径。材料减薄和几何偏差是成功零件开发的关键限制。所有刀具路径策略均针对材料分布、几何精度、和断裂深度使用四个精心设计的组件，并且不对称性逐渐增加。从获得的结果可以明显看出，材料变形对刀具路径策略的选择很敏感。基于特征的刀具路径更均匀地捕获零件曲率，从而实现均匀的厚度分布。同时，基于分形的策略可以降低弯曲轮廓区域的整体几何偏差。