Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field of science and technology aimed at developing methods and approaches to design and construct living systems at different levels of their organization based on engineering principles. The work describes the main characteristics of synthetic biology, one of the most promising and interesting directions in the biological sciences. We review in detail the modern methods and approaches used by synthetic biologists to create new types of biological systems, their functional units, and components. Particular attention is paid to actions to stimulate the development of synthetic biology in Russia. This requires wider application of the process approach and engineering principles, the formation of a centralized depository of functional genetic elements, standardization of the components and procedures used, deeper analysis of the genomes of organisms from bioresource collections and the subsequent storage of information in the National Genomic Information Database, and intensification of the development of equipment for high-throughput DNA synthesis.

合成生物学是一个跨学科的科学技术领域，旨在开发基于工程原理在组织的不同层次上设计和构建生命系统的方法和途径。该作品描述了合成生物学的主要特征，这是生物科学中最有前途和最有趣的方向之一。我们详细回顾了合成生物学家用来创建新型生物系统、其功能单元和组件的现代方法和途径。特别关注刺激俄罗斯合成生物学发展的行动。这需要更广泛地应用过程方法和工程原理，形成功能遗传元件的集中存储库，所用组件和程序的标准化，