Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are represented as projected technology to achieve net-zero energy building (NEZB). In this research, a novel energy structure based on rooftop PV with electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage is analyzed and optimized to provide electricity and heating load of residential buildings. First, the mathematical model, constraints, objective function, and evaluation indicators are given. Then, the simulation is conducted under the stand-alone condition. The annual return on investment and the levelized cost of energy of the system are 36.37% and 0.1016 $/kWh, respectively. Residential building with the proposed system decreases annual carbon emission by 25.5 t. In the third part, simulation analysis under different grid-connected modes shows that building system will obtain better economics when connected to the grid, but the low-carbon performance will be reduced. Finally, the cumulative seasonal impact of the countywide rooftop PV buildings is discussed. The result indicates that the energy structure proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the grid-connected impact on the local grid. This model and optimization method developed in this paper is applicable to different climate zones and can provide management support to the investors of NZEB before the field test.

屋顶光伏（PV）系统被视为实现净零能耗建筑（NEZB）的预计技术。在这项研究中，分析和优化了一种基于屋顶光伏并具有电-氢-热混合储能的新型能源结构，为住宅建筑提供电力和热负荷。首先给出数学模型、约束条件、目标函数和评价指标。然后在单机条件下进行仿真。该系统的年投资回报率为36.37%，平准化能源成本为0.1016美元/千瓦时。采用该系统的住宅建筑每年可减少 25.5 吨碳排放。在第三部分中，不同并网模式下的仿真分析表明，建筑系统并网后会获得更好的经济性，但低碳性能会有所降低。最后，讨论了全县屋顶光伏建筑的累积季节性影响。结果表明，本文提出的能源结构能够有效降低并网对当地电网的影响。本文开发的模型和优化方法适用于不同的气候带，可以为NZEB投资者在现场测试前提供管理支持。结果表明，本文提出的能源结构能够有效降低并网对当地电网的影响。本文开发的模型和优化方法适用于不同的气候带，可以为NZEB投资者在现场测试前提供管理支持。结果表明，本文提出的能源结构能够有效降低并网对当地电网的影响。本文开发的模型和优化方法适用于不同的气候带，可以为NZEB投资者在现场测试前提供管理支持。