Abstract

The work was performed in order to study the morphological and agriculturally important traits and molecular genetic allelic polymorphism of the cultivated varieties and wild forms of soybean using microsatellite DNA with the aim of identification and certification of their genotypes. Unique DNA profiles of the studied soybean cultivars and wild forms were obtained by PCR analysis using six microsatellite loci (Satt1, Satt2, Satt5, Satt9, Sourgr1, and Soyhsp176). Twenty-four alleles have been identified, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to ten. For each locus, Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.28 to 0.86 and the average was 0.62; the effective number of alleles varied from 1.38 to 6.92 and the average was 3.30. Cultivated soybean varieties differed by from 1 to 4 loci. The dendrogram constructed for the studied soybean genotypes by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) with the aid of the POPGENE v. 1.32 software revealed two large clusters. Cluster I included the cultivated soybean varieties, while cluster II included wild soybean forms, which overall pointed to the significant genetic differences between these two groups. The highest morphological differences were revealed between the Topaz and Dauriya varieties, both in the phenotype (pubescence coloration and density and seed and eye color and shape) and in all agriculturally important traits (vegetation period—95 and 112 days; yield—26.8 and 30.9 hundred kg/ha; plant height—64 and 81 cm; lower bean attachment height—13 and 16 cm; weight of 1000 seeds—174.7 and 185.4 g; protein content—40.3 and 38.2%; oil content—19.2 and 19.8%, respectively). For the first time, molecular genetic passports of nine soybean cultivars bred in the All-Russia Soybean Research Institute for their genotype identification have been obtained based on the findings of this study.

中文翻译：

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全俄大豆研究所野生和栽培品种大豆的形态和农业重要性状研究及大豆微卫星鉴定

摘要

本研究旨在利用微卫星DNA研究大豆栽培品种和野生品种的形态和农业重要性状以及分子遗传等位基因多态性，以对其基因型进行鉴定和认证。使用六个微卫星位点（Satt1、Satt2、Satt5、Satt9、Sourgr1和Soyhsp176 ）进行 PCR 分析，获得了所研究大豆品种和野生型的独特 DNA 谱。）。已鉴定出二十四个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因数量从二到十不等。对于每个位点，多态性信息含量（PIC）从0.28到0.86变化，平均值为0.62；等位基因的有效数量从1.38到6.92不等，平均为3.30。栽培大豆品种有 1 至 4 个基因座差异。在 POPGENE v. 1.32 软件的帮助下，通过未加权算术平均配对法 (UPGMA) 为所研究的大豆基因型构建的树状图显示了两个大簇。聚类 I 包括栽培大豆品种，而聚类 II 包括野生大豆品种，总体上表明这两个群体之间存在显着的遗传差异。黄玉和 Dauriya 品种之间的形态差异最大，表现型（柔毛颜色和密度以及种子和眼睛的颜色和形状）和所有重要的农业性状（生长期 - 95 和 112 天；产量 - 26.8 和 30.9 百公斤/公顷；株高 - 64 和 81 厘米；下豆附着高度——13和16厘米；1000粒种子重量——174.7和185.4克；蛋白质含量——分别为40.3和38.2%；含油量——分别为19.2和19.8%）。根据这项研究的结果，首次获得了全俄罗斯大豆研究所培育的九个大豆品种的分子遗传护照，用于基因型鉴定。900公斤/公顷；株高——64厘米和81厘米；下豆附着高度—13 和 16 厘米；1000粒种子的重量——174.7和185.4克；蛋白质含量——40.3%和38.2%；含油量分别为 19.2% 和 19.8%）。根据这项研究的结果，首次获得了全俄罗斯大豆研究所培育的九个大豆品种的分子遗传护照，用于基因型鉴定。900公斤/公顷；株高——64厘米和81厘米；下豆附着高度—13 和 16 厘米；1000粒种子的重量——174.7和185.4克；蛋白质含量——40.3%和38.2%；含油量分别为 19.2% 和 19.8%）。根据这项研究的结果，首次获得了全俄罗斯大豆研究所培育的九个大豆品种的分子遗传护照，用于基因型鉴定。