Abstract

The goal of the research was to study the effect of presowing and foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers on the productivity of white mustard and to comparatively assess its varieties (cultivars) in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. Experimental work was carried out on the experimental field of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture in 2020–2022. The first experiment investigated nine varieties of white mustard of various breeding included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Efficiency of treatment of white mustard seeds and plants at the vegetative phase with microfertilizers at a rate of 1 L/t and 1 L/ha, respectively, were studied in the second and third experiments. The experimental design provided for eight microelement formulations, specifically, Gumat +7, Agroverm, Izagri Vita, Megamiks, Zircon, Tsitovit, BlekDzhek, and Izagri Force as well as a variant without fertilization. On average over 3 years, the productivity of mustard seeds varied within 1.32–1.61 t/ha depending on the variety. The highest yield in the experiment was recorded from the varieties Lyutsiya (1.57 t/ha) and Svetlanka (1.61 t/ha), which exceeded the average value for the experiment by 0.10–0.14 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lyutsiya and Omega (30.02 and 30.48%); the content was the lowest in the varieties Passion and Bracco (25.05 and 26.24%, respectively). At the same time, all varieties exhibited a high level of agronomic stability indicator (78.33–85.82%), which characterizes their value for production. An upward trend was observed in the mustard productivity as a result of the use of microfertilizers. In foliar feeding of the mustard plants, Izagri Vita and Agroverm proved to be the most efficient fertilizers, which contributed to formation of high yields of 1.69 and 1.67 t/ha, respectively. The maximum oil content in the experiment (29.72 and 29.7%) was recorded from the seeds of the plants treated with BlekDzhek and Isagri Force formulations. Presowing treatment of seeds with microelement fertilizers promoted oil accumulation in the seeds up to 27.75–29.46% compared to 27.87% in the control. Variants with seed treatment with Izagri Vita and BlekDzhek formulations demonstrated the highest yield in the experiment (1.71 and 1.72 t/ha), which exceeded the control by 0.17–0.18 t/ha. Additionally, the studied formulations had an effect on fatty acid composition, in that their concentration decreased or increased. Foliar feeding with Tsitovit promoted an increase in the concentration of erucic acid up to 30.1%, whereas presowing treatment of seeds with this formulation reduced its concentration to 25.3%.

中文翻译：

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白芥菜品种特性及增产实践

摘要

该研究的目的是研究播种前和微量元素肥料叶面处理对白芥菜生产力的影响，并比较评估伏尔加河中部地区森林草原条件下的白芥菜品种（栽培品种）。2020-2022年在奔萨农业研究所的试验田进行了试验工作。第一个实验调查了国家育种成果名录中包含的各种育种的九个白芥菜品种。在第二个和第三个实验中，研究了分别以 1 升/吨和 1 升/公顷的微量肥料处理白芥菜种子和处于生长期的植物的效率。实验设计提供了八种微量元素配方，具体而言，Gumat +7、Agroverm、Izagri Vita、Megamiks、Zircon、Tsitovit、BlekDzhek 和 Izagri Force 以及未经受精的变体。三年来，芥菜种子的平均产量根据品种的不同在 1.32-1.61 吨/公顷之间变化。试验中产量最高的是Lyutsiya（1.57吨/公顷）和Svetlanka（1.61吨/公顷）品种，比试验平均值高出0.10-0.14吨/公顷。实验中，Lyutsiya 和 Omega 品种的含油量最高（30.02% 和 30.48%）；含量最低的是Passion和Bracco品种（分别为25.05%和26.24%）。同时，所有品种都表现出高水平的农艺稳定性指标（78.33-85.82%），这体现了它们的生产价值。由于使用微肥，芥菜生产力呈上升趋势。在芥菜植物的叶面施肥中，Izagri Vita 和 Agroverm 被证明是最有效的肥料，分别有助于形成 1.69 吨/公顷和 1.67 吨/公顷的高产。实验中的最大含油量（29.72 和 29.7%）是用 BlekDzhek 和 Isagri Force 配方处理的植物种子记录的。用微量元素肥料对种子进行播前处理，使种子中的油脂积累量提高了 27.75-29.46%，而对照的则为 27.87%。使用 Izagri Vita 和 BlekDzhek 制剂进行种子处理的变体在实验中表现出最高产量（1.71 和 1.72 吨/公顷），比对照高出 0.17-0.18 吨/公顷。此外，所研究的配方对脂肪酸组成有影响，因为它们的浓度降低或增加。