Abstract

Biocatalysis in both the homogeneous and heterogeneous versions is an independent interdisciplinary direction in scientific and practical research of single-stage conversions of feed reagents (substrates) to valuable marketable products involving, in most cases, a single enzyme as a catalyst. Single-enzyme biocatalytic processes exhibiting all specific features of enzymatic catalysis are a fairly competitive alternative to conventional chemical production. This review provides information on the results achieved by domestic research teams/laboratories that have been involved in extensive and efficient studies in the field of biocatalysis over the past decades and have practical developments protected by RF patents, which, under favorable circumstances, can be offered to commercial enterprises/companies for testing and use on a laboratory and/or pilot-scale with the prospects of industrial scale-up. In the review, special attention is given to targeted systematic studies of lipolytic enzymes (lipases), which have a unique ability to catalyze reactions in a medium of organic solvents, primarily esterification and transesterification reactions, which lead to the formation of valuable products of organic synthesis, such as esters. Lipases are active components of heterogeneous biocatalysts (BCs) synthesized by fixing (immobilizing) these enzymes on the surface of solid adsorbing supports. The review briefly describes the results of studies of domestic research teams and gives complete lists of their reports providing information on the methods of immobilization of target enzymes, the catalytic properties of the developed BCs (enzyme activity, substrate specificity, operational stability) and describing the conditions for biocatalytic processes involving heterogeneous BCs, such as the synthesis of acrylamide and various esters. Taking into account the average activity (А), which is similar to the activity measured at the half-inactivation time (t_1/2), and the operational stability of BCs characterized by the t_1/2 value, a fairly rough assessment of the productivity of BCs is conducted by calculating the amount of valuable product produced (in tons) per kilogram of BC.

中文翻译：

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生物催化剂和底物酶促转化为有机化学合成有价值的产品：国内发展回顾

摘要

均相和异相生物催化是进料试剂（底物）单阶段转化为有价值的适销产品的科学和实践研究中的一个独立的跨学科方向，在大多数情况下，涉及单一酶作为催化剂。具有酶催化所有特定特征的单酶生物催化过程是传统化学生产的相当有竞争力的替代方案。本综述提供了过去几十年来国内研究团队/实验室在生物催化领域进行了广泛而高效的研究并拥有受 RF 专利保护的实际进展所取得的成果，在有利的情况下，可以提供给商业企业/公司进行实验室和/或中试规模的测试和使用，并有工业规模扩大的前景。在该综述中，特别关注了脂肪分解酶（脂肪酶）的有针对性的系统研究，脂肪分解酶具有在有机溶剂介质中催化反应的独特能力，主要是酯化和酯交换反应，从而形成有价值的有机产物。合成，如酯类。脂肪酶是异质生物催化剂（BC）的活性成分，通过将这些酶固定（固定）在固体吸附载体的表面而合成。综述简要介绍了国内研究团队的研究成果，并给出了完整的报告清单，提供了目标酶固定化方法的信息，所开发的BC的催化特性（酶活性、底物特异性、操作稳定性）并描述涉及异质BC的生物催化过程的条件，例如丙烯酰胺和各种酯的合成。考虑到平均活动（А )，与半失活时间 ( t _1/2 )时测量的活性相似，并且 BC 的运行稳定性以t _1/2值为特征，对 BC 的生产率进行了相当粗略的评估：计算每公斤BC生产的有价值产品的数量（以吨为单位）。