Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by early-appearing social communication deficits, with genetic and environmental factors potentially playing a role in its etiology, which remains largely unknown. During pregnancy, certain deficiencies in critical nutrients are mainly associated with central nervous system impairment. The vitamin B9 (folate) is primarily related to one-carbon and methionine metabolism, participating in methyl donor generation. In addition, supplementation with folic acid (FA) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the first three gestational months to prevent neural tube defects. Vitamin B12 is related to folate regeneration, converting it into an active form. Deficiencies in this vitamin have a negative impact on cognitive function and brain development since it is involved in myelin synthesis. Vitamin D is intimately associated with Ca²⁺ levels, acting in bone development and calcium-dependent signaling. This vitamin is associated with ASD at several levels since it has a relation with ASD genes and oxidative stress environment. This review carries the recent literature about the role of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D in ASD. In addition, we discuss the possible impact of nutrient deficiency or hypersupplementation during fetal development. On the other hand, we explore the biases of vitamin supplementation studies such as the loss of participants in retrospective studies, as well as multiple variants that are not considered in the conclusion, like dietary intake or auto-medication during pregnancy. In this regard, we aim to contribute to the discussion about the role of vitamins in ASD currency, but also in pregnancy and fetal development as well. Furthermore, stress during pregnancy can be an ASD predisposition, with cortisol as a regulator. In this view, we propose that cortisol is the bridge of susceptibility between vitamin disorders and ASD prevalence.

自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是早期出现的社交沟通缺陷，遗传和环境因素可能在其病因学中发挥作用，但目前尚不清楚。怀孕期间，某些关键营养素的缺乏主要与中枢神经系统损伤有关。维生素 B9（叶酸）主要与一碳和蛋氨酸代谢相关，参与甲基供体的生成。此外，世界卫生组织（WHO）建议在妊娠前三个月补充叶酸（FA），以预防神经管缺陷。维生素 B12 与叶酸再生有关，可将其转化为活性形式。这种维生素的缺乏会对认知功能和大脑发育产生负面影响，因为它参与髓磷脂的合成。^{维生素 D 与 Ca 2+}水平密切相关，在骨骼发育和钙依赖性信号传导中发挥作用。这种维生素在多个层面上与自闭症谱系障碍相关，因为它与自闭症谱系障碍基因和氧化应激环境有关。本综述收录了有关叶酸、维生素 B12 和维生素 D 在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中的作用的最新文献。此外，我们还讨论了胎儿发育过程中营养缺乏或过度补充可能产生的影响。另一方面，我们探讨了维生素补充研究的偏差，例如回顾性​​研究中参与者的流失，以及结论中未考虑的多种变异，例如怀孕期间的饮食摄入或自动用药。在这方面，我们的目标是促进关于维生素在 ASD 货币中以及在怀孕和胎儿发育中的作用的讨论。此外，怀孕期间的压力可能是自闭症谱系障碍的易感因素，而皮质醇则起着调节作用。从这个角度来看，我们认为皮质醇是维生素紊乱和自闭症谱系障碍患病率之间的桥梁。