Bacterial biofilms, as viscoelastic materials, have significant implications in various fields of human life encompassing health, manufacturing, and wastewater treatment. The detailed rheological characterization of mechanical properties, viscoelastic characteristics, and shear behaviors of biofilms is crucial for both scientific insight and practical applications. This review provides an exhaustive examination of bacterial biofilm formation and growth through rheological techniques, representing a critical intersection between microbiology and materials science. It explores different rheological methods, geometries, and devices, offering a comprehensive understanding of how rheological measurements can be applied to study biofilms. The advantages, limitations, and challenges of rheological techniques are also analyzed, emphasizing the importance of choosing appropriate methods for specific applications.

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中文翻译：

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细菌生物膜形成和生长综述：流变学表征、技术和应用

细菌生物膜作为粘弹性材料，对人类生活的各个领域（包括健康、制造和废水处理）具有重大影响。生物膜的机械特性、粘弹性特性和剪切行为的详细流变表征对于科学洞察和实际应用都至关重要。这篇综述通过流变技术对细菌生物膜的形成和生长进行了详尽的检查，代表了微生物学和材料科学之间的重要交叉点。它探索了不同的流变方法、几何形状和设备，全面了解如何应用流变测量来研究生物膜。还分析了流变技术的优点、局限性和挑战，强调了针对特定应用选择适当方法的重要性。

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