Abstract

A hybrid nanomaterial is a material that instantly combines the chemical and physical properties of different liquids and gives those properties in a uniform phase. The use of nanotechnology in various fields of engineering, biomedicine, industry, advanced nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology has convinced scientists that they enable more economical and simpler applications. Therefore, with such effectiveness in mind, a theoretical study has been conducted to examine the entropy generation and nonlinear thermal radiation and behavioral performance of the non-Newtonian flow of Williamson liquid of a hybrid nanofluid facing a convectively heated stretching surface. In this article, hybrid nanoparticles are discussed, where the particles are MoS₂ and TiO₂. Water is treated as a base liquid. The system of PDE is transformed into a system of ODE applying the similarity transformation, and relevant parameters are calculated by the Runge–Kutta method. The behavior of significant physical quantities on the velocity, temperature, concentration distributions, entropy generation, and Bejan number are analyzed through plots. The comparison of base liquid, nanofluid, and hybrid nanofluid is depicted graphically. Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are numerically evaluated under involved physical parameters. The entropy generation increases for increasing the values of the Eckert number, diffusion parameter, Brinkman number, and radiation parameter, while an increase in activation energy parameter decreases entropy generation.

中文翻译：

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威廉姆森混合纳米流体对流加热拉伸片流动的太阳辐射和阿伦尼乌斯活化能量评估

摘要

混合纳米材料是一种能够立即结合不同液体的化学和物理特性并以均匀相赋予这些特性的材料。纳米技术在工程、生物医学、工业、先进纳米技术、制药和生物技术等各个领域的应用使科学家相信它们可以实现更经济、更简单的应用。因此，考虑到这种有效性，我们进行了一项理论研究，以检查面向对流加热拉伸表面的混合纳米流体的威廉姆森液体的非牛顿流动的熵产生和非线性热辐射以及行为性能。在本文中，讨论了混合纳米颗粒，其中颗粒是MoS ₂和TiO ₂。水被视为基础液体。应用相似变换将偏微分方程组转化为常微分方程组，并通过龙格-库塔法计算相关参数。通过绘图分析重要物理量对速度、温度、浓度分布、熵产生和贝让数的行为。以图形方式描绘了基础液体、纳米流体和混合纳米流体的比较。在涉及的物理参数下对努塞尔数和表面摩擦系数进行了数值评估。随着埃克特数、扩散参数、布林克曼数和辐射参数值的增加，熵产生增加，而活化能参数的增加则熵产生减少。