The bacterial cell wall is composed of a wide variety of intricate proteins in addition to lipids, glycolipids, and polymers. Given the diversity of cell wall proteins among bacterial species, they are a feasible target for biomarker identification and characterization in clinical research and diagnosis of the disease. The slow growth rate of Mycobacterium leprae poses a major hurdle in the accurate diagnosis of leprosy before the onset of peripheral neuropathy. The use of biomarker- based diagnostic methods can help in preventing the spread and manifestation of leprosy. Despite many advances in research methods and techniques, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the cell wall proteomes of M. leprae that can be used as biomarkers. The cell wall and secretory proteins of M. leprae are the major focus of this review article. This article enfolds the characteristics and functions of M. leprae cell wall proteins and gives an insight into those cell wall proteins that are yet to be established as biomarkers. Tools and techniques used in cell wall extraction and biomarker identification can also be explored in this article.

中文翻译：

---

探索麻风分枝杆菌的细胞壁和分泌蛋白作为生物标志物

除了脂质、糖脂和聚合物之外，细菌细胞壁还由多种复杂的蛋白质组成。鉴于细菌物种之间细胞壁蛋白的多样性，它们是临床研究和疾病诊断中生物标志物鉴定和表征的可行目标。麻风分枝杆菌的缓慢生长速度给周围神经病发病前准确诊断麻风病带来了主要障碍。使用基于生物标志物的诊断方法有助于预防麻风病的传播和表现。尽管研究方法和技术取得了许多进展，但关于可用作生物标志物的麻风分枝杆菌细胞壁蛋白质组仍然存在知识差距。麻风分枝杆菌的细胞壁和分泌蛋白是这篇综述文章的主要焦点。本文介绍了麻风分枝杆菌细胞壁蛋白的特征和功能，并深入了解了那些尚未确定为生物标志物的细胞壁蛋白。本文还探讨了细胞壁提取和生物标志物鉴定中使用的工具和技术。