The type of mood or tense marking that causes counterfactuality inferences—as figuring prominently, but far from exclusively, in counterfactual conditionals—has not yet received a comprehensive and compositional analysis. Focusing on four languages, the paper presents under-appreciated facts and a novel theory where the mood serves to activate alternatives to modal operators, particularly one: the identity operator, often giving rise to counterfactual implicatures.

中文翻译：

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捷克语、德语、挪威语和俄语的反事实情绪

引起反事实推论的情绪或时态标记的类型——在反事实条件句中占据显着地位，但远非唯一——尚未得到全面和综合的分析。本文重点关注四种语言，提出了未被充分重视的事实和一种新颖的理论，其中情绪有助于激活模态运算符的替代方案，特别是：恒等运算符，通常会产生反事实含义。