Abstract

Antibiotics have been used in clinical treatment since the mid-20th century. With the use of antibiotics, infant mortality has decreased and average life has increased by about 20 years. However, since the early years of antibiotic use, bacteria have begun to change to reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is spreading rapidly, but the mechanisms of resistance acquisition, how resistance arises, and how it can be prevented are not clearly understood. The purpose of this review is to compile information on studies of antibiotic resistance and the prevention of resistance acquisition. Spontaneous mutations are an important cause of resistance acquisition in the presence of antibiotics. One of the most commonly used methods to study how these mutations arise is adaptive resistance experiments. Using the information obtained from these experiments, it has been determined that the SOS response plays an important role in the acquisition of resistance mutations. Therefore, the SOS response could be an important target for inhibiting the acquisition of antibiotic resistance.

中文翻译：

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全球范围内传播的抗生素耐药性的出现和可预防性：文献综述

摘要

自20世纪中叶以来，抗生素已用于临床治疗。随着抗生素的使用，婴儿死亡率下降，平均寿命延长约 20 年。然而，自从抗生素使用的早期以来，细菌已经开始发生变化，降低或消除抗生素的有效性。抗生素耐药性正在迅速蔓延，但耐药性获得的机制、耐药性如何产生以及如何预防尚不清楚。本综述的目的是汇编有关抗生素耐药性和预防耐药性获得的研究信息。自发突变是抗生素存在下获得耐药性的重要原因。研究这些突变如何产生的最常用方法之一是适应性抗性实验。利用从这些实验中获得的信息，已经确定SOS反应在抗性突变的获得中起着重要作用。因此，SOS反应可能是抑制抗生素耐药性获得的重要目标。