The Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is a kind of subaquatic reptile with high nutritional value, medicinal value and economic value. However, the number of wild turtles has dropped dramatically due to excessive fishing and habitat destruction. Artificial breeding of the turtle is facing the dilemma of germplasm degradation and lack of seedlings, which seriously hinders the sustainable development of the turtle industry. In the present study, 60 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed based on high-throughput sequencing. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the values of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.0312 to 0.7500 and from 0.0312 to 0.4841, respectively, and the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.3333 to 0.5000. Only four loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The present study will provide a valuable tool for population study and resource conservation.

中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）是一种具有很高营养价值、药用价值和经济价值的水下爬行动物。然而，由于过度捕捞和栖息地破坏，野生海龟的数量急剧下降。甲鱼人工养殖面临着种质退化、苗木缺乏的困境，严重阻碍了甲鱼产业的可持续发展。在本研究中，基于高通量测序开发了 60 个新型单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记。遗传多样性分析显示，观测杂合度（Ho）和预期杂合度（He）的值分别为0.0312至0.7500和0.0312至0.4841，次要等位基因频率范围为0.3333至0.5000。只有四个基因座显示出与 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡的显着偏差。本研究将为人口研究和资源保护提供有价值的工具。