Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease categorized by low muscle strength, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance. Sarcopenia etiology is multifaceted, and while resistance training is widely agreed upon for prevention and treatment, disease progression is also highly related to poor diet. The incidence of sarcopenia appears sex-specific and may be increased in females, which is problematic because dietary quality is often altered later in life, particularly after menopause. Identifying effective nutrition or supplementation interventions could be an important strategy to delay sarcopenia and related comorbidities in this vulnerable population. This systematic review examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nutrition strategies on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older females. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42022382943) and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. RCTs from 2013 to 2023 that assessed nutrition-only interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in female participants were included. Fourteen RCTs were included based on selection criteria. Study designs and interventions were heterogeneous in supplementation type and amount, age, and duration. Six RCTs reported beneficial effects of protein, Vitamin D, Vitamin D and Magnesium (Mg), and fish oil on muscle protein synthesis, muscle strength, and/or muscle function. Eight studies that examined various protein interventions, VitD alone, Mg alone, and dairy derivatives did not demonstrate any effect. Exercise appeared to modulate results in several studies. Nutrition interventions alone are likely to have a limited but positive effect on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in females. Current evidence suggests that a combination of dietary intervention and exercise is likely to be key to preventing and treating sarcopenia in middle aged and older females and there is a need for well-designed nutrition based studies in this population.

肌肉减少症是一种骨骼肌疾病，根据肌肉力量、肌肉数量或质量以及身体机能低下进行分类。肌肉减少症的病因是多方面的，虽然阻力训练被广泛认为可用于预防和治疗，但疾病进展也与不良饮食密切相关。肌肉减少症的发病率似乎具有性别特异性，并且在女性中可能会增加，这是一个问题，因为饮食质量通常会在以后的生活中发生改变，特别是在绝经后。确定有效的营养或补充干预措施可能是延缓这一弱势群体肌肉减少症和相关合并症的重要策略。这项系统评价研究了中老年女性肌少症肌肉相关成分营养策略的随机对照试验 (RCT)。注册了方案 (PROSPERO CRD42022382943)，并对 MEDLINE 和 CINAHL 进行了系统检索。其中包括 2013 年至 2023 年的随机对照试验，评估仅营养干预措施对女性参与者的肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体功能的影响。根据选择标准纳入了十四项随机对照试验。研究设计和干预措施在补充剂类型和数量、年龄和持续时间方面存在差异。六项随机对照试验报告了蛋白质、维生素 D、维生素 D 和镁 (Mg) 以及鱼油对肌肉蛋白质合成、肌肉力量和/或肌肉功能的有益影响。八项研究检查了各种蛋白质干预措施、单独的维生素D、单独的镁和乳制品衍生物，但没有显示出任何效果。多项研究显示，运动似乎可以调节结果。单独的营养干预可能对女性肌肉减少症的肌肉相关成分产生有限但积极的影响。目前的证据表明，饮食干预和运动的结合可能是预防和治疗中老年女性肌肉减少症的关键，并且需要针对这一人群进行精心设计的基于营养的研究。