A comparative analysis of the rates of molecular evolution, transition bias, and its evolutionary compensation was carried out on mitochondrial (D-loop, Cytb, COI, 12S RNA) and nuclear (IRBP, Fv) DNA markers in the Murinae subfamily. According to the levels of variability, the markers can be divided into three classes: (1) hypervariable (D-loop), (2) rapidly evolving (Cytb, COI), and (3) conservative (12S RNA, IRBP, Fv). The nature of nucleotide substitutions appears by the levels of variability. With the D-loop, there is a maximum initial bias, which is already partially compensated for during the early stages of speciation, and completely compensated at the stages of species divergence. The pronounced bias within the Cytb and COI genes is only partially compensated, moreover at the genus levels. The 12S RNA, IRBP, and Fv genes with a low level of transition bias do not show evolutionary compensation as such, and the decrease of the ts/tv index in the evolutionary lineage has a technical character and is a consequence of a relative decrease of the difference in the frequencies of transitions and transversions against the background of an absolute increase in the frequencies of substitutions. The positive relationship between the intensity of nucleotide substitutions, the level of transition bias, and the rates of its evolutionary compensation proves that these phenomena have the same primary basis.

对鼠亚科线粒体（D-loop、Cytb、COI、12S RNA）和核（IRBP、Fv）DNA 标记进行分子进化速率、转变偏向及其进化补偿的比较分析。根据变异程度，标记物可分为三类：（1）高变（D-loop）、（2）快速进化（Cytb、COI）和（3）保守（12S RNA、IRBP、Fv） 。核苷酸取代的性质通过变异性水平表现出来。对于D环，存在最大初始偏差，该偏差在物种形成的早期阶段已经被部分补偿，并且在物种分化阶段被完全补偿。Cytb 和 COI 基因内的明显偏差仅得到部分补偿，而且在属水平上也是如此。具有低水平过渡偏差的 12S RNA、IRBP 和 Fv 基因本身并不表现出进化补偿，并且进化谱系中 ts/tv 指数的下降具有技术特征，是相对下降的结果。在取代频率绝对增加的背景下，转换和颠换频率的差异。核苷酸取代强度、过渡偏倚水平及其进化补偿率之间的正相关关系证明这些现象具有相同的主要基础。