To investigate the incidence and explore the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months after kidney transplantation. Total of 331 kidney transplant recipients were assessed by venous ultrasonography for VTE at 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-transplantation. Cox forward regression were used to identify the independent risk factors of VTE. This study registration number is ChiCTR1900020567 and the date of registration was 2019/01/08. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 2.72% (9/331) within 6 months after transplant. 77.8% (7/9) of VTEs occurred in the first 3 months post-transplantation. 88.9% (1/9) of VTEs were asymptomatic, 66.7% (6/9) of VTEs were mural thromboses and in the right lower extremity. Central vena catheterization (HR = 6.94) and severe pulmonary disease (including pneumonia) (HR = 57.35) were the risk factors for VTE in kidney transplantation recipients. KT patients are the high risk population of VTE. Future interventions should be strengthen for KT patients to receive a minimum of 3-month of precautionary measures for VTE, including infection prevention, and strengthening thromboprophylaxis on the CVC or transplanted side of lower extremity.

调查肾移植术后6个月内静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的发生情况并探讨其危险因素。共有 331 名肾移植受者在移植后 14 天、1 个月、3 个月和 6 个月时通过静脉超声检查评估 VTE。Cox正向回归用于识别VTE的独立危险因素。本研究注册号为ChiCTR1900020567，注册日期为2019/01/08。移植后6个月内VTE累积发生率为2.72%（9/331）。77.8% (7/9) 的 VTE 发生在移植后的前 3 个月。88.9% (1/9) 的 VTE 无症状，66.7% (6/9) 的 VTE 为附壁血栓且发生在右下肢。中心静脉导管插入术（HR=6.94）和严重肺部疾病（包括肺炎）（HR=57.35）是肾移植受者发生VTE的危险因素。KT患者是VTE的高危人群。未来应加强对KT患者的干预，接受至少3个月的VTE预防措施，包括预防感染、加强CVC或下肢移植侧的血栓预防。