Fluid flow at the microscale level exhibits a unique phenomenon that can be explored to fabricate microfluidic devices integrated with components that can perform various biological functions. In this manuscript, the importance of physics for microscale fluid dynamics using microfluidic devices has been reviewed. Microfluidic devices provide new opportunities with regard to spatial and temporal control over cell growth. Furthermore, the manuscript presents an overview of cellular stimuli observed by combining surfaces that mimic the complex biochemistries and different geometries of the extracellular matrix, with microfluidic channels regulating the transport of fluids, soluble factors, etc. We have also explained the concept of mechanotransduction, which defines the relation between mechanical force and biological response. Furthermore, the manipulation of cellular microenvironments by the use of microfluidic systems has been highlighted as a useful device for basic cell biology research activities. Finally, the article focuses on highly integrated microfluidic platforms that exhibit immense potential for biomedical and pharmaceutical research as robust and portable point-of-care diagnostic devices for the assessment of clinical samples.

微尺度水平的流体流动表现出一种独特的现象，可以探索这种现象来制造与可执行各种生物功能的组件集成的微流体装置。在这篇手稿中，回顾了物理学对于使用微流体装置的微观流体动力学的重要性。微流体装置为细胞生长的空间和时间控制提供了新的机会。此外，手稿概述了通过结合模拟复杂生物化学和细胞外基质的不同几何形状的表面以及调节流体、可溶性因子等的运输的微流体通道观察到的细胞刺激。我们还解释了机械转导的概念，它定义了机械力和生物反应之间的关系。此外，通过使用微流体系统来操纵细胞微环境已被认为是基础细胞生物学研究活动的有用装置。最后，本文重点介绍了高度集成的微流体平台，该平台作为用于评估临床样本的强大且便携式的护理点诊断设备，在生物医学和药物研究方面展现出巨大的潜力。