Fabrics act as fomites for microorganisms, thereby playing a significant role in infection transmission, especially in the healthcare and hospitality sectors. This study aimed to examine the biofilm formation ability of four nosocomial infection–causing bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) on cotton, polyester, polyester-cotton blend, silk, wool, viscose, and nylon, used frequently in the healthcare sector, by qualitative and quantitative methods. The impact of temperature, pH, and relative humidity (RH) on biofilm formation was also assessed. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were strong biofilm producers, while E. coli produced weak biofilm. Wool (maximum roughness) showed the highest bacterial load, while silk (lowest roughness) showed the least. P. aeruginosa exhibited a higher load on all fabrics, than other test bacteria. Extracellular polymeric substances were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Roughness of biofilms was assessed by atomic force microscopy. For biofilm formation, optimum temperature, pH, and RH were 30 °C, 7.0, and 62%, respectively. MgCl₂ and CaCl₂ were the most effective in removing bacterial biofilm. In conclusion, biofilm formation was observed to be influenced by the type of fabric, bacteria, and environmental conditions. Implementing recommended guidelines for the effective disinfection of fabrics is crucial to curb the risk of nosocomial infections. In addition, designing modified healthcare fabrics that inhibit pathogen load could be an effective method to mitigate the transmission of infections.

织物是微生物的污染物，因此在感染传播中发挥着重要作用，特别是在医疗保健和酒店行业。本研究旨在检测四种院内感染致病菌（乙酸钙不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）在棉、聚酯、涤棉混纺、丝绸、羊毛、粘胶和尼龙上形成生物膜的能力。经常通过定性和定量方法在医疗保健领域进行。还评估了温度、pH 值和相对湿度 (RH) 对生物膜形成的影响。铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是强生物膜产生者，而大肠杆菌产生弱生物膜。羊毛（最大粗糙度）的细菌载量最高，而丝绸（最低粗糙度）的细菌载量最少。与其他测试细菌相比，铜绿假单胞菌在所有织物上都表现出更高的负载。细胞外聚合物通过红外光谱进行表征。通过原子力显微镜评估生物膜的粗糙度。对于生物膜形成，最适温度、pH 和 RH 分别为 30 °C、7.0 和 62%。MgCl ₂和CaCl ₂对于去除细菌生物膜最有效。总之，生物膜的形成受到织物类型、细菌和环境条件的影响。实施推荐的织物有效消毒指南对于遏制医院感染风险至关重要。此外，设计抑制病原体负荷的改良医疗织物可能是减轻感染传播的有效方法。