The traditional ironmaking technologies (including coking, sintering, pelletizing, and BF ironmaking process) are carbon-intensive, which makes the industry a significant contributor to global CO₂ emissions. Hydrogen replacement of carbon in steelmaking processes is a sustainable way to reduce CO₂ emissions. First, the reduction thermodynamics and kinetics of iron oxide by carbon and hydrogen are compared. Then, the latest researches on different hydrogen reduction technologies in ironmaking industry are compared and analyzed. Based on this, the advantages and problems faced by hydrogen-based reduction over carbon-based reduction are presented. And finally, the possible pathways for the future development of hydrogen metallurgy are proposed, hoping to provide guidance for the hydrogen metallurgy in the steel industry. The reduction product of hydrogen metallurgy is H₂O, and has a faster reduction rate than CO reduction. Therefore, hydrogen metallurgy is considered to be an effective way to achieve low-carbon green transformation in the metallurgical industry.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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低碳可持续炼铁和炼钢中的氢基还原技术：综述

传统炼铁技术（包括焦化、烧结、球团和高炉炼铁工艺）是碳密集型技术，这使得该行业成为全球CO ₂排放的重要贡献者。在炼钢过程中用氢替代碳是减少CO ₂排放的可持续方法。首先，比较了碳和氢还原氧化铁的热力学和动力学。然后对炼铁工业不同氢还原技术的最新研究进行了比较和分析。在此基础上，介绍了氢基还原相对于碳基还原的优点和面临的问题。最后提出氢冶金未来发展的可能路径，希望能为钢铁行业氢冶金提供指导。氢冶金的还原产物是H ₂ O，其还原速度比CO还原更快。因此，氢冶金被认为是冶金行业实现低碳绿色转型的有效途径。

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