This study addresses the spatio-temporal variability and plausible sources of criteria air pollutants in the Western Indian city-Ahmedabad. The air pollutants PM₁₀, PM_2.5, O₃, NO₂, SO_2, and CO have been analyzed at ten locations in Ahmedabad from 2017 to 2019. The seasonal variability indicates that the air pollutant concentration is highest during winter, followed by pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and monsoon seasons. The concentration of PM_2.5 (59.52 ± 16.68–89.72 ± 20.68) and PM₁₀ (107.25 ± 30.43–176.04 ± 38.34) crosses the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in all seasons. However, the seasonal difference from winter to pre-monsoon is not highly significant (p > 0.05), indicating that the pollution remains fairly similar during these two seasons. The spatial variability of air pollutants over Ahmedabad indicates that the concentration is highest in the south and central region of Ahmedabad and lowest at the east location. The Ventilation Coefficient (VC) has been used to understand the dispersion of air pollutants. The K-means clustering was performed to assess the locations within Ahmedabad with similar air pollutants sources followed by source identification using Principal Component Analysis-Multiple Linear Regression method (PCA-MLR) of 5 clusters. The different locations identified were industrial, residential, and traffic which mainly contribute to the air pollutants in Ahmedabad city. The health risk assessment indicates PMs are the leading pollutant and causing excess risk (ER > 1) at all the locations. With the help of the different statistical techniques, it helps in ascertaining the hotspots of air pollution in a region which will be beneficial in studying health exposure and for policymakers to adopt mitigation strategies.

本研究探讨了印度西部城市艾哈迈达巴德标准空气污染物的时空变化和合理来源。2017 年至 2019 年，对艾哈迈达巴德 10 个地点的空气污染物 PM ₁₀、 PM _2.5、 O ₃、 NO ₂、 SO ₂和 CO 进行了分析。季节性变化表明，空气污染物浓度在冬季最高，其次是前期。 -季风、季风后和季风季节。_{PM 2.5}（59.52±16.68～89.72±20.68）、PM ₁₀ （107.25±30.43～176.04±38.34）浓度 全年均超过国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS）。然而，从冬季到季风前的季节差异并不显着（p > 0.05），表明这两个季节的污染仍然相当相似。艾哈迈达巴德空气污染物的空间变异性表明，艾哈迈达巴德南部和中部地区浓度最高，东部地区浓度最低。通风系数（VC）已被用来了解空气污染物的扩散。执行 K 均值聚类来评估艾哈迈达巴德内具有类似空气污染物源的位置，然后使用 5 个聚类的主成分分析-多重线性回归方法 (PCA-MLR) 进行源识别。确定的不同地点是工业、住宅和交通，它们是艾哈迈达巴德市空气污染物的主要来源。健康风险评估表明PMs是主要污染物，并在所有地点造成超额风险（ER > 1）。借助不同的统计技术，它有助于确定一个地区的空气污染热点，这将有利于研究健康暴露和政策制定者采取缓解策略。