Introduction. Various plasmid-mediated resistance genes have been reported in Glaesserella parasuis , but little is known about their global distribution features, evolution pattern and spread. Gap Statement. The potential mobilization mechanisms of resistance plasmids in G. parasuis have been poorly explored. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of plasmid-mediated resistance genes among G. parasuis isolates, and focus on the analysis of the features of the resistance plasmids from G. parasuis . Method. The plasmids tested were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform in conjunction with PCR and inverted PCR. The susceptibility of the host strains was determined by broth microdilution. The transfer of plasmids tested was conducted by electroporation. The sequence data were compared using bioinformatics tools and the data from our laboratory and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Results. Nineteen plasmids were identified from our laboratory and these resistance plasmids were functional and transferable. Moreover, we clustered five types of genetic backbones of plasmids from G. parasuis and revealed the global distribution features of the plasmid-mediated resistance genes. Conclusions. This is the first report of the coexistence of tet(H)-bearing type I plasmid and lnu(C)-bearing type II plasmid in one G. parasuis clinical isolate. In addition, this study provides the first view of the global distribution of plasmid-mediated resistance genes and classifies the plasmids in G. parasuis according to their backbone regions.

中文翻译：

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副猪格拉氏菌质粒介导的抗性基因分布和传播初探

简介。 lnu中的质粒进行了分类.副猪加工厂临床分离株中带有(C) 的 II 型质粒。此外，本研究首次提供了质粒介导的抗性基因的全球分布情况，并根据其骨架区域对副猪加德纳一个(H)-bearing I型质粒与tet。这是首次报道结论。我们的实验室鉴定了 19 个质粒，这些抗性质粒具有功能性且可转移。此外，我们对副猪副猪杆菌质粒的五种遗传主链进行了聚类，并揭示了质粒介导的抗性基因的整体分布特征。 结果。使用 Illumina HiSeq 平台结合 PCR 和反向 PCR 对测试的质粒进行测序。通过微量肉汤稀释法测定宿主菌株的敏感性。通过电穿孔进行测试的质粒的转移。使用生物信息学工具以及我们实验室和国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）数据库的数据对序列数据进行比较。 方法的抗性质粒。 副猪加力菌分离株中质粒介导的抗性基因的流行率和多样性，并重点分析其特征来自副猪副猪。本研究旨在调查目标中抗性质粒的潜在动员机制尚未得到很好的探索。 副猪加工厂。 差距声明