Abstract

Comparative tests of the following fibers are conducted under the same conditions: mineral (basalt, glass), carbon, chemical (polycaproamide, polyacrylonitrile, viscose fibers), and vegetable (bast fibers of linen, hemp, nettle). The diameter of a monofiber, linear density, breaking strength of a roving (a bundle of fibers) and microplastics, breaking tenacity, and gain ratio are assessed. Glass and basalt fibers have the highest linear density of 1200–2500 tex; carbon, 378 tex; chemical, 183 tex (except for PANF, which has 826 tex); and bast vegetable fibers, 440–630 tex. The breaking tenacity for glass rovings and basalt rovings is comparable of 240–264 mN/tex and is the highest of 597 mN/tex for carbon rovings; the gain ratio is 2–2.25. For chemical fibers, the breaking tenacity is 282–323 mN/tex (92 mN/tex in viscose ones) and the gain ratio is 0.5–0.9. Of vegetable fibers, the highest breaking strength of 93–102 mN/tex is in the fibers of linen and hemp, which exceeds this parameter for a viscose fiber; the gain ratio is 1.6 in hemp and 4.39 in linen. In fibers of nettle, the results are the lowest among vegetable fibers.

中文翻译：

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矿物纤维、化学纤维和植物纤维特性的研究

摘要

在相同条件下对以下纤维进行对比测试：矿物（玄武岩、玻璃）、碳、化学（聚己酰胺、聚丙烯腈、粘胶纤维）和植物（亚麻、大麻、荨麻的韧皮纤维）。评估单纤维的直径、线密度、粗纱（一束纤维）和微塑料的断裂强度、断裂强度和增益比。玻璃纤维和玄武岩纤维的最高线密度为1200-2500 tex；碳，378 特；化学纤维，183 tex（PANF 除外，其为 826 tex）；和韧皮植物纤维，440–630 tex。玻璃无捻粗纱和玄武岩无捻粗纱的断裂强度相当，为240-264 mN/tex，碳纤维无捻粗纱的断裂强度最高，为597 mN/tex；增益比为2-2.25。化学纤维的断裂强力为282～323mN/tex（粘胶纤维为92mN/tex），增益比为0.5～0.9。在植物纤维中，亚麻和大麻纤维的断裂强度最高，为93-102 mN/tex，超过了粘胶纤维的这一参数；大麻的增益率为 1.6，亚麻的增益率为 4.39。在荨麻纤维中，结果是植物纤维中最低的。