Understanding the genetic composition and regional adaptation of marine species under environmental heterogeneity and fishing pressure is crucial for responsible management. In order to understand the genetic diversity and adaptability of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) along southern China coast, this study was conducted a seascape genome analysis on yellowfin seabream from the ecologically diverse coast, spanning over 1600 km. A total of 92 yellowfin seabream individuals from 15 sites were performed whole-genome resequencing, and 4,383,564 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called. By conducting a genotype-environment association analysis, 29,951 adaptive and 4,328,299 neutral SNPs were identified. The yellowfin seabream exhibited two distinct population structures, despite high gene flow between sites. The seascape genome analysis revealed that genetic structure was influenced by a variety of factors including salinity gradients, habitat distance, and ocean currents. The frequency of allelic variation at the candidate loci changed with the salinity gradient. Annotation of these loci revealed that most of the genes are associated with osmoregulation, such as kcnab2a, kcnk5a, and slc47a1. These genes are significantly enriched in pathways associated with ion transport including G protein-coupled receptor activity, transmembrane signaling receptor activity, and transporter activity. Overall, our findings provide insights into how seascape heterogeneity affects adaptive evolution, while providing important information for regional management in yellowfin seabream populations.

了解环境异质性和捕捞压力下海洋物种的遗传组成和区域适应对于负责任的管理至关重要。为了了解华南沿海黄鳍鲷的遗传多样性和适应性，本研究对全长1600多公里的生态多样化海岸的黄鳍鲷进行了海景基因组分析。对来自15个地点的92条黄鳍鲷个体进行了全基因组重测序，获得了4,383,564个高质量的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。通过进行基因型-环境关联分析，确定了 29,951 个适应性 SNP 和 4,328,299 个中性 SNP。尽管不同地点之间的基因流动很高，但黄鳍鲷表现出两种不同的种群结构。海景基因组分析表明，遗传结构受到多种因素的影响，包括盐度梯度、栖息地距离和洋流。候选位点的等位基因变异频率随盐度梯度而变化。这些位点的注释表明大多数基因与渗透压调节相关，例如kcnab2a、kcnk5a和slc47a1。这些基因在与离子转运相关的途径中显着富集，包括 G 蛋白偶联受体活性、跨膜信号受体活性和转运蛋白活性。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了关于海景异质性如何影响适应性进化的见解，同时为黄鳍鲷种群的区域管理提供了重要信息。