Abstract

Melaleuca is a well-known genus of the Myrtaceae family, one of the major plant families with a high concentration of essential oils. The Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a genus of aromatic and herbaceous trees that belongs to the Myrtaceae family, is well known to produce herbal essential oils owing to the presence of therapeutic and medicinal elements in the plant’s by-products. In the present study, tea tree essential oil (TTEO) was extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia and was evaluated for its phytochemicals, antifungal, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. GC-FID analysis and fingerprint analysis were performed. Different antioxidant assays were performed like DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, iron-reducing potential, iron chelating activity. Antibacterial activity was observed by the disk diffusion method against gram-positive (G⁺) and gram-negative (G⁻) bacteria. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were also performed. Antifungal activity against “Aspergillosis” and “Mucormycosis” causing fungal strains was also evaluated. GC-FID revealed the presence of α-terpineol, a major component of TTEO, along with other bioactive components. The IC50 value for various assays was observed in the following order: Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (7.4486), DPPH (34.0961), ABTS (38.9952), Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (47.4052). The best antimicrobial activity was against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160) with an inhibition zone of 0.9 cm. TTEO showed strong anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential and can be employed as an antidiabetic agent due to its inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity. Based on these findings, it was concluded that TTEO can be widely employed across various sectors, including aromatherapy, herbal and allopathic medicine, cosmetics, and as a natural biocide, fungicide, and preservative.

中文翻译：

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互叶白千层精油：芳香分析、植物化学分析和多种生物活性评估

摘要

白千层是桃金娘科中的一个著名属，是具有高浓度精油的主要植物科之一。澳大利亚茶树（互叶白千层）是桃金娘科的芳香草本树木属，因其植物副产品中含有治疗和药用成分而闻名，可生产草本精油。在本研究中，从互叶白千层中提取茶树精油（TTEO） ，并评估其植物化学物质、抗真菌、抗菌、抗糖尿病和抗炎活性。进行GC-FID分析和指纹图谱分析。进行了不同的抗氧化剂测定，如 DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝苯肼）、ABTS（2,2-嗪双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）、一氧化氮自由基、羟基自由基、铁还原电位、铁螯合活性。通过纸片扩散法观察对革兰氏阳性菌（G ⁺）和革兰氏阴性菌（G ^-）的抗菌活性。还进行了抗糖尿病和抗炎活性。还评估了针对引起真菌菌株的“曲霉病”和“毛霉菌病”的抗真菌活性。GC-FID 显示存在 α-萜品醇（TTEO 的主要成分）以及其他生物活性成分。按以下顺序观察各种测定的IC50值：羟基自由基清除活性(7.4486)、DPPH(34.0961)、ABTS(38.9952)、一氧化氮自由基清除活性(47.4052)。最佳抗菌活性是针对金黄色葡萄球菌(MTCC 3160)，抑菌圈为 0.9 cm。TTEO 显示出强大的抗炎和抗糖尿病潜力，由于其对 α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用，可用作抗糖尿病药物。基于这些发现，得出的结论是，TTEO 可广泛应用于各个领域，包括芳香疗法、草药和对抗疗法、化妆品，以及作为天然杀菌剂、杀菌剂和防腐剂。