In this study, polyaniline (PANI)/SnO₂, and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA)/PANI/SnO₂ nanocomposite as polymer hybrid electrodes were synthesized from tin chloride precursor and PANI/PVA polymer by sol–gel solution method. Also, for comparison, the SnO₂:F (transparent conductive oxide, FTO) and aluminium (Al) on PET substrate as metallic flexible electrodes were deposited by thermal vacuum evaporation and spray pyrolysis methods. Two different molar concentrations were used to synthesize PANI/SnO₂ conductive electrodes. The conductive polymer nanocomposites and polymeric electrodes were characterized by XRD analysis, FE-SEM imaging, UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. In the synthesized PANI/SnO₂ nanocomposite with a larger amount of SnO₂ solution (15 ml), the sharp peaks of PANI are completely removed. The XRD results for FTO/PET showed that at T = 200°C, the amorphous spectrum decreased sharply due to a decrease in the PET peak. Also, the peaks of SnO₂ with the tetragonal and cubic structures were observed with the preferred direction (110). FE-SEM images of FTO thin films deposited on the PET polymer substrate at T = 200°C showed that the flat plates formed by bonding of SnO₂ nanoparticles formed on the polymer substrate. Also, the optical bandgap of the PANI/SnO₂ nanocomposite showed that with increasing the volume of SnO₂ solution, the amount of energy gap increases. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that with increasing SnO₂, there is no difference in the type of factor group and only affects the intensity of the peaks and leads to a little shift of the peaks to the modes of pure polyaniline.

本研究以氯化锡前驱体和PANI/PVA聚合物为原料，通过溶胶-凝胶溶液法合成了聚苯胺(PANI)/SnO _{2和聚乙烯醇(PVA)/PANI/SnO 2纳米复合材料作为聚合物杂化电极。}此外，为了进行比较，通过热真空蒸发和喷雾热解方法在PET基底上沉积SnO ₂ :F（透明导电氧化物，FTO）和铝（Al）作为金属柔性电极。使用两种不同的摩尔浓度来合成PANI/SnO ₂导电电极。通过 XRD 分析、FE-SEM 成像、UV-Vis 和 FTIR 光谱对导电聚合物纳米复合材料和聚合物电极进行了表征。在具有较大量SnO ₂溶液(15ml)的合成的PANI/SnO _{2纳米复合材料中，PANI的尖锐峰被完全去除。}FTO/PET 的 XRD 结果表明，在T = 200°C 时，由于 PET 峰的下降，非晶态光谱急剧下降。另外，在优选方向(110)上观察到具有四方和立方结构的SnO ₂的峰。T = 200°C下沉积在 PET 聚合物基底上的 FTO 薄膜的 FE-SEM 图像表明，通过在聚合物基底上形成SnO ₂纳米颗粒的键合而形成平板。_{此外，PANI/SnO 2}纳米复合材料的光学带隙表明，随着SnO ₂溶液体积的增加，能隙量增加。FTIR光谱结果表明，随着SnO ₂的增加，因子组类型没有差异，仅影响峰的强度，导致峰稍微向纯聚苯胺的模式移动。