Soft actuators have played an indispensable part in the field of biosensors and soft robotics as such systems offer solutions that cannot be addressed with rigid actuators due to the lack of both flexibility and sensitivity. However, soft actuators have certain limitations when it comes to their durability and longevity. In recent years, quite a few versatile fabrication techniques and innovative solutions have been developed that have played an essential role in the development of soft robotics. An exemplary innovation involves the integration of nanomaterials into polymers that act as a host in the fabrication of inorganic/organic actuators. These actuators have shown significant enhancement both in their physical and chemical properties. Consequently, it paves the way for the development of sophisticated soft actuator-based devices that can find broader applications in the field of biomedical sciences. However, biocompatibility has been a matter of concern for inorganic/organic soft actuators. Addressing this issue, studies on the development of biomaterial-based soft actuators that incorporate nanomaterials have been conducted for biohybrid robots. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of diverse stimulus-trigger actuation alongside exploring the influence of nanomaterials in inorganic/organic actuators. Further, it gives valuable insights into the implication of biomaterials in soft actuators for the development of biohybrid robot.

软执行器在生物传感器和软机器人领域发挥着不可或缺的作用，因为此类系统提供了由于缺乏灵活性和灵敏度而无法用刚性执行器解决的解决方案。然而，软执行器在耐用性和寿命方面存在一定的局限性。近年来，人们开发了相当多的多功能制造技术和创新解决方案，在软机器人技术的发展中发挥了重要作用。一个典型的创新涉及将纳米材料集成到聚合物中，该聚合物在无机/有机致动器的制造中充当主体。这些执行器的物理和化学特性均显示出显着增强。因此，它为开发复杂的基于软执行器的设备铺平了道路，这些设备可以在生物医学领域找到更广泛的应用。然而，生物相容性一直是无机/有机软执行器关注的问题。为了解决这个问题，已经针对生物混合机器人开发了基于生物材料的包含纳米材料的软执行器。本综述旨在提供对各种刺激触发驱动的全面理解，同时探索纳米材料对无机/有机驱动器的影响。此外，它还为生物材料在软执行器中对生物混合机器人开发的影响提供了宝贵的见解。