Exosomes, the naturally secreted nanocarriers of cells, have recently been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits in a variety of disease models where parent cells are not present. However, the use of exosomes in bone defect regeneration has been unusual, and little is documented about the underlying processes. In recent study we produced and characterized exosomes derived human endometrial mesenchymal stem stromal cells and 58S bioactive glass scaffolds; in following, in this research exosome loaded scaffolds synthetized and release of exosome, porosity and bioactivity of them were assessed. More over the effect of scaffolds on repair of critical-size bone defects in rat’s calvaria was evaluated by histological examination and micro computed tomography (µ CT). The findings confirmed that constructed porous scaffolds consistently release exosomes; additionally, in vivo findings including Hematoxilin & Eosin staining, Immunohistochemistry, Masson's trichrome, histomorphometric analysis, and µ CT clarified that our implant has osteogenic properties. We discovered that Exo-treated scaffolds might promote osteogenesis especially compared to pure scaffolds, indicating that produced scaffolds containing exosomes could be a potential replacement in bone tissue engineering.

外泌体是细胞自然分泌的纳米载体，最近被证明在不存在亲本细胞的多种疾病模型中具有治疗作用。然而，外泌体在骨缺损再生中的应用并不常见，而且关于其基本过程的记录很少。在最近的研究中，我们生产并表征了源自人子宫内膜间充质干基质细胞和 58S 生物活性玻璃支架的外泌体；接下来，在本研究中，合成了负载外泌体的支架，并评估了外泌体的释放、孔隙率和生物活性。此外，通过组织学检查和显微计算机断层扫描 (μ CT) 评估了支架对修复大鼠颅骨临界尺寸骨缺损的影响。研究结果证实，构建的多孔支架能够持续释放外泌体；此外，体内研究结果包括苏木精和伊红染色、免疫组织化学、马森三色、组织形态计量分析和 µ CT，阐明我们的植入物具有成骨特性。我们发现，经过外泌体处理的支架可能会促进成骨，特别是与纯支架相比，这表明所生产的含有外泌体的支架可能是骨组织工程中的潜在替代品。