Geophysical flows like rock–ice avalanches have high mobility and destructive potential, causing global loss of life and property. Water, often from melted ice, significantly impacts their mobility. Experimental investigations of debris friction in a rotating drum with melting ice show reduced friction due to water. However, experimental limitations hinder extensive testing. Employing a numerical model can overcome this, facilitating the study of various scenarios in understanding such calamitous geophysical flows. In the current work, we numerically replicate the rotating drum experiment using Eulerian–Lagrangian CFD–DEM coupling. We focus on the initial and final states, considering a \(30\%\) gravel and \(70\%\) ice mixture (B12-070 ). We don’t model the ice melting; rather, we inject equivalent water over time. Our simulation captures changes in the frictional behavior of the gravel bulk and flow height profile, closely aligning with experimental observations.

岩冰雪崩等地球物理流具有高流动性和破坏性潜力，导致全球生命和财产损失。水（通常来自融化的冰）会严重影响它们的流动性。对带有融化冰的旋转滚筒中的碎片摩擦的实验研究表明，由于水而减少了摩擦。然而，实验的局限性阻碍了广泛的测试。采用数值模型可以克服这个问题，促进对各种场景的研究，以了解这种灾难性的地球物理流。在当前的工作中，我们使用欧拉-拉格朗日 CFD-DEM 耦合对转鼓实验进行数值复制。我们关注初始和最终状态，考虑\(30\%\)砾石和\(70\%\)冰混合物 (B12-070 )。我们不模拟冰融化；我们只是模拟冰的融化。相反，我们随着时间的推移注入等量的水。我们的模拟捕获了砾石体积和流动高度剖面的摩擦行为的变化，与实验观察结果紧密一致。